Pasantía en el manejo de los programas vacunales en pollo de engorde en granjas comerciales de la Corporación Pipasa S.R.L. (Cargill), Costa Rica
Fecha
2023
Autores
Elizondo Villalobos, Ericka
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
La pasantía tuvo como objetivo evaluar las técnicas de vacunación empleadas
en granjas avícolas de pollo de engorde, así como adquirir conocimientos y desarrollar
destrezas prácticas en dichos sistemas de producción. Se trabajó con manejos y
procedimientos preventivos de la medicina veterinaria de grandes poblaciones
animales. Para ello se realizaron visitas de campo a granjas de la empresa Cargill y se
llevó a cabo la recolección de datos aplicando un instrumento de evaluación. El cual
contaba con la evaluación de aspectos como: a. la evaluación de cadena de frío; b.
calidad y disponibilidad de agua; c. aspectos previos a la vacunación; d. preparación
de la vacuna; e. aplicación de la vacuna; f. evaluación posterior a la vacunación; g. uso
de registros y documentación.
En lo que respecta al análisis de información, se realizó un análisis descriptivo y
una posterior comparación entre los resultados obtenidos con respecto a los ideales
de la empresa y los reportados por la literatura.
A partir de los datos descritos se evidenció que las granjas presentan
oportunidades de mejora en el sistema de vacunación actual, por lo que, como
producto de esta valoración, se concluye que la vacunación al agua, resulta ser un
método complejo pero útil, que, aunque es muy efectivo, no es viable si hay errores
durante el proceso, e involucra una gran cantidad de variables a controlar, lo cual
dificulta mucho su éxito si no se capacita constantemente el personal o se verifica el
proceso. Se realizaron recomendaciones como la implementación en las granjas de la
revisión de los procesos de vacunación involucrando todos los aspectos que esta conlleva, corroborar manejos previos a la vacunación como la calidad del agua a
utilizar, las mediciones de temperatura, pH y cloro; así como desarrollar estrategias
para un adecuado traslado de los inmunobiológicos y la estimulación del consumo de
la vacuna, entre otros; todo esto, con la finalidad de evitar fallos vacunales y alcanzar
consecuentemente, una mejor inmunidad de la parvada. La revisión paso a paso de
cómo es efectuado el procedimiento durante el proceso de vacunación, nos brinda
pautas de mejora y garantía de la inmunización de la parvada, de ahí la importancia
del trabajo en conjunto y la buena comunicación entre las partes involucradas, pues
todo esto tendrá una incidencia futura en la salud animal y eficiencia productiva.
The objective of the internship was to evaluate the vaccination techniques used in poultry farms for fattening chickens, as well as to acquire knowledge and develop practical skills in production systems, working with preventive procedures and management of veterinary medicine in large animal populations. For this, field visits were made to farms of the Cargill company and data collection was carried out by applying an evaluation instrument. Which included the evaluation of aspects such as a. cold chain evaluation; b. quality and availability of water; c. aspects before to vaccination; d. vaccine preparation; e. vaccine application; f. post-vaccination evaluation; g. use of records and documentation. Regarding the analysis of information, a descriptive analysis was carried out and a subsequent comparison between the results obtained with respect to the ideals of the company and those reported by the literature. Based on the data described, is evident that the farms shows opportunities for improvement in the current vaccination system, therefore, as a result of this assessment, it is concluded that vaccination in water turns out to be a complex but useful method, which, Although it is very effective, it is not viable if there are errors during the process, and it involves a large number of variables to control, which makes success very difficult if the personnel is not constantly trained or the process is not verified. Recommendations were made such as the implementation in the farms of the revision of the vaccination processes involving all the aspects that this entails, corroborating management prior to vaccination such as the quality of the water to be used, temperature, pH and chlorine measurements; as well as developing strategies xiii for an adequate transfer of immunobiologicals and the stimulation of the consumption of the vaccine, among others; all this, in order to avoid vaccination failures and consequently achieving a better immunity of the flock. The step-by-step review of how the procedure is carried out during the vaccination process provides us with guidelines for improvement and guarantee of the flock ́s immunization, hence the importance of team work and good communication between the parties involved, because this will have a future impact on animal health and efficient productivity.
The objective of the internship was to evaluate the vaccination techniques used in poultry farms for fattening chickens, as well as to acquire knowledge and develop practical skills in production systems, working with preventive procedures and management of veterinary medicine in large animal populations. For this, field visits were made to farms of the Cargill company and data collection was carried out by applying an evaluation instrument. Which included the evaluation of aspects such as a. cold chain evaluation; b. quality and availability of water; c. aspects before to vaccination; d. vaccine preparation; e. vaccine application; f. post-vaccination evaluation; g. use of records and documentation. Regarding the analysis of information, a descriptive analysis was carried out and a subsequent comparison between the results obtained with respect to the ideals of the company and those reported by the literature. Based on the data described, is evident that the farms shows opportunities for improvement in the current vaccination system, therefore, as a result of this assessment, it is concluded that vaccination in water turns out to be a complex but useful method, which, Although it is very effective, it is not viable if there are errors during the process, and it involves a large number of variables to control, which makes success very difficult if the personnel is not constantly trained or the process is not verified. Recommendations were made such as the implementation in the farms of the revision of the vaccination processes involving all the aspects that this entails, corroborating management prior to vaccination such as the quality of the water to be used, temperature, pH and chlorine measurements; as well as developing strategies xiii for an adequate transfer of immunobiologicals and the stimulation of the consumption of the vaccine, among others; all this, in order to avoid vaccination failures and consequently achieving a better immunity of the flock. The step-by-step review of how the procedure is carried out during the vaccination process provides us with guidelines for improvement and guarantee of the flock ́s immunization, hence the importance of team work and good communication between the parties involved, because this will have a future impact on animal health and efficient productivity.
Descripción
Modalidad: Pasantía
Palabras clave
VACUNAS DE VIRUS, POLLOS DE ENGORDE, VACUNACIÓN, VACUNATION, BROILER CHICKEN, VIRUS VACCINES