El impacto de la prematuridad en la salud mental de las mujeres que tuvieron a sus hijos e hijas prematuros en Costa Rica dentro del contexto de la pandemia por COVID-19 en un hospital público costarricense con un abordaje desde la Teoría Ecológica de Bronfenbrenner
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Fecha
2025-12-14
Autores
Calvo Morales, Raquel
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Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
El presente estudio explora el impacto de la prematuridad en la salud mental de mujeres madres que tuvieron hijos e hijas prematuros en un hospital público costarricense durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Se desarrolló una investigación cualitativa con diseño fenomenológico, fundamentada en la Teoría Ecológica de Bronfenbrenner, con la participación de cinco mujeres. Mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas y ecomapas se analizó la influencia de factores del microsistema y mesosistema, como los sentimientos experimentados, las estrategias de afrontamiento y las redes de apoyo formales e informales. Los resultados evidencian una alta presencia de emociones negativas asociadas al parto prematuro, el uso de diversas estrategias de afrontamiento y el papel clave de las redes de apoyo en la vivencia materna. Se concluye la necesidad de fortalecer la atención psicológica perinatal en el sistema de salud pública costarricense, especialmente en contextos de crisis sanitaria.
This study explores the impact of prematurity on the mental health of mothers who gave birth to premature infants in a Costa Rican public hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic. A qualitative study with a phenomenological design, grounded in Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory, was conducted with the participation of five women. Semi-structured interviews and eco-maps were used to analyze the influence of microsystem and mesosystem factors, such as experienced feelings, coping strategies, and formal and informal support networks. The results reveal a high prevalence of negative emotions associated with premature birth, the use of diverse coping strategies, and the key role of support networks in the maternal experience. The study concludes that there is a need to strengthen perinatal psychological care within the Costa Rican public health system, especially in the context of a health crisis.
This study explores the impact of prematurity on the mental health of mothers who gave birth to premature infants in a Costa Rican public hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic. A qualitative study with a phenomenological design, grounded in Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory, was conducted with the participation of five women. Semi-structured interviews and eco-maps were used to analyze the influence of microsystem and mesosystem factors, such as experienced feelings, coping strategies, and formal and informal support networks. The results reveal a high prevalence of negative emotions associated with premature birth, the use of diverse coping strategies, and the key role of support networks in the maternal experience. The study concludes that there is a need to strengthen perinatal psychological care within the Costa Rican public health system, especially in the context of a health crisis.
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Palabras clave
SALUD MENTAL, MENTAL HEALTH, NIÑOS RECIÉN NACIDOS, NEWBORN CHILDREN, COVID-19 (ENFERMEDAD), COVID-19 (DISEASE), MATERNIDAD, MATERNITY
