Respuesta de biotipos de Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Mombaza a los herbicidas ametrina, diuron, cletodim y hexazinona (solos y en mezclas), usados en plantaciones de piña de la región Huetar Norte de Costa Rica
Fecha
2024
Autores
Quesada Cabezas, Osvaldo
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
La evolución de resistencia de malezas a herbicidas se encuentra en constante aumento, lo que constituye una preocupación mundial. El grupo de herbicidas Inhibidores de la fotosíntesis en el fotosistema II lidera el segundo lugar con mayores casos de resistencia. Evaluar bajo condiciones de invernadero la respuesta de biotipos de Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Mombaza a los herbicidas ametrina, diuron, cletodim y hexazinona a través de aplicaciones solos y en mezcla para la determinación de una posible resistencia a nivel de campo. Durante octubre 2022 a diciembre 2023 se llevó a cabo un ensayo en invernadero en Barva de Heredia y en Tambor de Alajuela para evaluar la respuesta de biotipos de P. maximum a los herbicidas ametrina, diuron, cletodim y hexazinona aplicados solos y en mezcla para evaluar el índice de resistencia (IR). Los biotipos procedieron de fincas ganaderas y productoras de piña de diferentes localidades de Alajuela. A las plantas se les aplicaron dosis crecientes de los herbicidas y se evaluó el porcentaje de daño visual y su peso fresco a los 14 días después de la aplicación (dda) para calcular los valores de la DE50 e IR. Se encontró un biotipo de P. maximum resistente a los herbicida diuron y ametrina, requiriendo de 2.00 o más veces más herbicida para generar una reducción del 50% de su peso fresco con respecto al biotipo más sensible. Las mezclas que involucraron al herbicida cletodim a dosis comerciales fueron capaces de provocar la mortalidad total de las plantas del biotipo resistente. Persistir en el uso de herbicidas como ametrina y diuron, así como otros inhibidores de la fotosíntesis en el fotosistema II, podría propiciar la selección y aumento del índice de resistencia en las poblaciones de plantas menos sensibles. Esta práctica intensificaría aún más la problemática de resistencia, lo que agravaría la situación actual.
The evolution of weed resistance to herbicides is constantly increasing, which is a worldwide concern. The group of photosynthesis inhibitor herbicides in photosystem II leads the second place with the highest cases of resistance. To evaluate under greenhouse conditions the response of biotypes of Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Mombaza to the herbicides ametrine, diuron, clethodim and hexazinone through applications alone and in mixtures to determine possible resistance at the field level. During October 2022 to December 2023, a greenhouse trial was conducted in Barva de Heredia and Tambor de Alajuela to evaluate the response of P. maximum biotypes to the herbicides ametrine, diuron, clethodim and hexazinone applied alone and in mixtures to evaluate the resistance index (RI). The biotypes came from cattle and pineapple farms in different localities of Alajuela. The plants were applied increasing doses of the herbicides and the percentage of visual damage and their fresh weight at 14 days after application (dda) were evaluated to calculate the DE50 and IR values. A P. maximum biotype was found to be resistant to the herbicides diuron and ametryn, requiring 2.00 or more times more herbicide to generate a 50% reduction in fresh weight with respect to the most sensitive biotype. Mixtures involving the herbicide clethodim at commercial doses were able to cause total plant mortality of the resistant biotype. Persisting in the use of herbicides such as ametryn and diuron, as well as other photosynthesis inhibitors in photosystem II, could lead to selection and an increase in the rate of resistance in populations of less sensitive plants. This practice would further intensify the resistance problem, which would aggravate the current situation.
The evolution of weed resistance to herbicides is constantly increasing, which is a worldwide concern. The group of photosynthesis inhibitor herbicides in photosystem II leads the second place with the highest cases of resistance. To evaluate under greenhouse conditions the response of biotypes of Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Mombaza to the herbicides ametrine, diuron, clethodim and hexazinone through applications alone and in mixtures to determine possible resistance at the field level. During October 2022 to December 2023, a greenhouse trial was conducted in Barva de Heredia and Tambor de Alajuela to evaluate the response of P. maximum biotypes to the herbicides ametrine, diuron, clethodim and hexazinone applied alone and in mixtures to evaluate the resistance index (RI). The biotypes came from cattle and pineapple farms in different localities of Alajuela. The plants were applied increasing doses of the herbicides and the percentage of visual damage and their fresh weight at 14 days after application (dda) were evaluated to calculate the DE50 and IR values. A P. maximum biotype was found to be resistant to the herbicides diuron and ametryn, requiring 2.00 or more times more herbicide to generate a 50% reduction in fresh weight with respect to the most sensitive biotype. Mixtures involving the herbicide clethodim at commercial doses were able to cause total plant mortality of the resistant biotype. Persisting in the use of herbicides such as ametryn and diuron, as well as other photosynthesis inhibitors in photosystem II, could lead to selection and an increase in the rate of resistance in populations of less sensitive plants. This practice would further intensify the resistance problem, which would aggravate the current situation.
Descripción
Licenciatura en Ingeniería Agronómica con énfasis en agricultura alternativa y modalidad: artículo científico
Palabras clave
PLAGUICIDAS, PESTICIDES, PIÑA, PINEAPPLE, SEMILLA, SEED, ANÁLISIS, ANALYSIS, INVERNADEROS, GREENHOUSES, PLANTACIONES, PLANTATIONS, CULTIVO, CULTIVATION