Buenas Prácticas en el Manejo de Antibióticos en Fincas Lecheras
Fecha
2008-06-04
Autores
Mac Courtney Illanes, Stephanie
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Para este proyecto de graduación se elaboró un manual en las Buenas Prácticas en el
Manejo de Antibióticos (BPMA) para las fincas lecheras. Se planteó como objetivos: conocer
el manejo de los antibióticos, identificar los factores de riesgo en el manejo y capacitar al
personal de las fincas en las Buenas Prácticas.
Se escogieron 13 fincas lecheras asociadas a la Cooperativa de Productores de Leche
Dos Pinos R. L., en cuyo producto se detectó residuos de antibióticos durante el periodo fiscal
2007.
Como parte de la metodología se programó 3 visitas a las fincas seleccionadas. En la
primera visita se completó un cuestionario, se observó la forma en que se aplicaban los
medicamentos y se revisó el botiquín. Luego la información obtenida se analizó y se comparó
con la bibliografía previamente escogida para identificar los factores de riesgo de cada finca.
Se redactó un informe en el que se describieron, además de incluirse recomendaciones para su
corrección y control. Este reporte se entregó en cada finca, en una segunda visita. Para la
tercera visita se elaboró el manual de BPMA y se diseñó una capacitación en las BPMA y en
el uso del manual.
El manual de BPMA se desarrolló basado en: los factores de riesgo identificados en las
fincas, la propuesta implementada por la Cooperativa de Productores de Leche Dos Pinos R.
L. de Buenas Prácticas Pecuarias, los principios de las Buenas Prácticas de Producción del
Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería (MAG), los requisitos exigidos por FDA (EEUU) y las
guías de Buenas Prácticas de producción de organismos internacionales. Este manual incluyó
fotografías y diagramas para facilitar su comprensión y aplicación
For this work, a manual on Good Antibiotic Management Practices for dairy farms was elaborated. The objectives of this work were: to learn how the antibiotics are managed in the farm, to identify risk factors, and to train the workers on Good Practices. 13 farms, part of the Cooperativa de Productores de Leche Dos Pinos R. L., were chosen based on antibiotic residue detection in the period from October 1, 2006 to September 30, 2007. As part of the methodology used for this work, 3 visits were programmed to each farm. In the first visit, a questionnaire was completed, the way drugs were administered was observed, and the place where drugs are stored was examined. The data obtained was analyzed and compared to selected references for the identification of risk factors. A report was written, to describe the risk factors found in each farm, and recommendations were included to correct and control them. This report was delivered in the second visit. For the third visit, the manual was elaborated, and the training designed to introduce the worker on Good Practices, and to explain how to use the manual. The manual on Good Antibiotic Management Practices was written based on: the risk factors identified in the farms, the Good Farming Practices implemented by the Cooperativa de Productores de Leche Dos Pinos R. L., the principles of the Good Practices of Costa Rica´s Farm and Agriculture Department, the requirements of the FDA (USA) and the Good Practices for Production guidelines of international organizations. This manual included photographs and diagrams, so the understanding and application were made easy for every person in the farm.
For this work, a manual on Good Antibiotic Management Practices for dairy farms was elaborated. The objectives of this work were: to learn how the antibiotics are managed in the farm, to identify risk factors, and to train the workers on Good Practices. 13 farms, part of the Cooperativa de Productores de Leche Dos Pinos R. L., were chosen based on antibiotic residue detection in the period from October 1, 2006 to September 30, 2007. As part of the methodology used for this work, 3 visits were programmed to each farm. In the first visit, a questionnaire was completed, the way drugs were administered was observed, and the place where drugs are stored was examined. The data obtained was analyzed and compared to selected references for the identification of risk factors. A report was written, to describe the risk factors found in each farm, and recommendations were included to correct and control them. This report was delivered in the second visit. For the third visit, the manual was elaborated, and the training designed to introduce the worker on Good Practices, and to explain how to use the manual. The manual on Good Antibiotic Management Practices was written based on: the risk factors identified in the farms, the Good Farming Practices implemented by the Cooperativa de Productores de Leche Dos Pinos R. L., the principles of the Good Practices of Costa Rica´s Farm and Agriculture Department, the requirements of the FDA (USA) and the Good Practices for Production guidelines of international organizations. This manual included photographs and diagrams, so the understanding and application were made easy for every person in the farm.
Descripción
Modalidad: Proyecto de Graduación
Palabras clave
ANTIBIOTICOS, INDUSTRIA LECHERA, MEDICINA VETERINARIA, COSTA RICA