Análisis de factores que afectan el rendimiento productivo y reproductivo de hembras lecheras bovinas de la zona norte de El Salvador
Archivos
Fecha
2008
Autores
Torres Bermúdez, Blanca Eugenia
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
El estudio se realizó con el objetivo de cuantificar factores que afectan el rendimiento
productivo y reproductivo de hembras lecheras bovinas de la zona Norte de El Salvador,
tomando en cuenta las diferencias existentes en rendimiento productivo, reproductivo y
económico, además de identificar el grado de aceptación de una biotecnología por parte de los
ganaderos de la zona, con base en resultados de una encuesta estática. Los parámetros
incluidos en la encuesta estática se relacionaron con variables de estructura, manejo y
rendimiento, en sistemas de producción lechera, doble propósito y de subsistencia. La
caracterización de ambos sistemas se hizo mediante comparaciones estadísticas univariadas y
mediante análisis multivariado de componentes principales. Los análisis univariados indicaron
que no existen diferencias significativas entre fincas de ambos sistemas para la mayoría de las
variables relacionadas con estructura y manejo. Se observó sin embargo una tendencia a ser
mayor en las variables de tamaño, número de animales, frecuencia de ordeño y uso de
suplementación en sistemas de lechería especializada. En cuanto a las variables de
rendimiento, se observó un mayor nivel de producción de leche (por finca y vaca) e ingresos
por venta de leche para los sistemas especializados, pero no en producción por hectárea.
Tampoco se observaron diferencias significativas en variables reproductivas. El análisis de
componentes principales permitió identificar un componente altamente correlacionado con la
mayoría de las variables de rendimiento y algunas variables físicas y de manejo. Este
componente podría utilizarse como indicador del nivel de desarrollo tecnológico o eficiencia
bioeconómica de las fincas. Por medio de un muestreo de leche en vacas inseminadas se
determinó el grado de aceptación de una biotecnología y la eficiencia en IA, los parámetros
incluidos en este fueron número de muestras obtenidas por vaca y cantidad de muestras
obtenidas por finca y los niveles de progesterona encontrados en cada una de las muestras. El
análisis de medias realizado demostró que no hay diferencias significativas en cuanto a la
participación de las fincas en la entrega de muestras, pero cabe notar que un 50% del total de
vacas incluidas en el estudio se obtuvieron las tres muestras, además del tiempo de
participación en el estudio ya que el muestreo se realizó en un tiempo de tres meses y medio,
teniendo una participación promedio de las fincas de 77 días
The study was carried out with the objective of quantifying factors that affect the productive and reproductive yield of female bovine milkmaids of the North area of El Salvador, taking into account the existent differences in productive, reproductive and economic yield, besides identifying the grade of acceptance of a biotechnology on the part of the cattlemen of the area, with base in results of a static survey. The parameters included in the static survey were related with structure variables, handling and yield. The characterization of both systems was made by means of comparisons statistical univariadas and by means of analysis multivariado of main components. The analyses univariados indicated that significant differences don't exist among properties of both systems for most of the variables related with structure and handling. It was observed a tendency however to more size, bigger number of animals, bigger frequency of I milk and bigger suplementación use in systems of specialized dairy. As for the yield variables, a bigger level of production of milk was observed (for property and it vacates) and bigger revenues of milk (for property) for the specialized systems, but not in production for hectare. Neither significant differences were observed in reproductive variables. The analysis of main components allowed to identify a component highly correlated with most of the yield variables and some physical variables and of handling. This component could be used as indicator of the level of technological development or efficiency bioeconómica of the properties. By means of a sampling of milk in inseminated cows was determined the grade of acceptance of a biotechnology and the efficiency in IA, the parameters included in this they were number of samples obtained by cow and quantity of samples obtained by property and the opposing progesterone levels in each one of the samples. The carried out analysis of stockings demonstrated that there are not significant differences as for the participation of the properties in the delivery of samples, but it is necessary to notice that 50% of the total of cows included in the study the three samples was obtained, besides the time of participation in the study the sampling was carried out since at one time of three mese and half, having a participation average of the properties of 77 days.
The study was carried out with the objective of quantifying factors that affect the productive and reproductive yield of female bovine milkmaids of the North area of El Salvador, taking into account the existent differences in productive, reproductive and economic yield, besides identifying the grade of acceptance of a biotechnology on the part of the cattlemen of the area, with base in results of a static survey. The parameters included in the static survey were related with structure variables, handling and yield. The characterization of both systems was made by means of comparisons statistical univariadas and by means of analysis multivariado of main components. The analyses univariados indicated that significant differences don't exist among properties of both systems for most of the variables related with structure and handling. It was observed a tendency however to more size, bigger number of animals, bigger frequency of I milk and bigger suplementación use in systems of specialized dairy. As for the yield variables, a bigger level of production of milk was observed (for property and it vacates) and bigger revenues of milk (for property) for the specialized systems, but not in production for hectare. Neither significant differences were observed in reproductive variables. The analysis of main components allowed to identify a component highly correlated with most of the yield variables and some physical variables and of handling. This component could be used as indicator of the level of technological development or efficiency bioeconómica of the properties. By means of a sampling of milk in inseminated cows was determined the grade of acceptance of a biotechnology and the efficiency in IA, the parameters included in this they were number of samples obtained by cow and quantity of samples obtained by property and the opposing progesterone levels in each one of the samples. The carried out analysis of stockings demonstrated that there are not significant differences as for the participation of the properties in the delivery of samples, but it is necessary to notice that 50% of the total of cows included in the study the three samples was obtained, besides the time of participation in the study the sampling was carried out since at one time of three mese and half, having a participation average of the properties of 77 days.
Descripción
Maestría en Producción Animal Sostenible
Palabras clave
HEMBRAS, PRODUCCION DE ANIMALES, PRODUCCION LECHERA, GANADO BOVINO, REPRODUCCION ANIMAL, BOVINE CATTLE, MILK PRODUCTION, ANIMAL REPRODUCTION, ANIMAL PRODUCTION, EL SALVADOR