Política fiscal y cambio climático en Costa Rica: oportunidades y desafíos
Fecha
2016-06-30
Autores
Vargas Alfaro, Leiner
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Editor
Revista de Política Económica y Desarrollo Sostenible
Resumen
El presente artículo expone las distintas opciones, desafíos y posibilidades que tiene Costa Rica de alterar los
incentivos en el campo fiscal con miras a reducir su impacto en el ambiente y abatir, a través de la reducción
de emisiones y otras medidas, las consecuencias locales y globales del cambio climático. Este último y sus
efectos se han convertido en uno de los principales problemas globales del siglo XXI. Si bien Costa Rica había
comprometido una meta de carbono neutralidad al 2021, dicho proceso fue redefinido en la nueva estrategia
al 2030. Costa Rica se ha propuesto convertirse en un país carbono neutro, lo cual no solo representa un reto
en materia de reducción de las emisiones, sino que involucra un cambio tecnológico e institucional capaz de
garantizar la sostenibilidad del propósito país. Identificar los actuales instrumentos fiscales y parafiscales, así
como futuras posibles medidas en este campo es el enfoque metodológico utilizado, esencialmente a través
de la información secundaria existente. Es claro que el país requiere de corregir los incentivos económicos de
manera que se garantice propiciar tecnologías y procesos productivos bajos en emisiones. Para lo anterior, el
uso de instrumentos fiscales puede ser de gran ayuda en el cumplimiento de este objetivo.
The author discusses the various options, challenges and possibilities that Costa Rica has to modify tax incentives in order to reduce their impact on the environment and abate the local and global consequences of climate change, by reducing emissions and taking other measures. Climate change and its effects have become one of the major global problems of the 21st. century. Although Costa Rica had committed to achieve the carbon neutrality goal by 2021, this process was redefined in the new strategy for 2030. Costa Rica intends to become a carbon-neutral nation, which is not only a challenge in terms of reducing emissions, but also involves a technological and institutional change capable of ensuring the sustainability of the country’s goal. Identifying current fiscal and quasi-fiscal instruments, as well as possible future measures in this field is the methodological approach used in this paper, mainly through the existing information. It is clear that the country needs to correct economic incentives to foster low-emission production processes and technologies. The use of tax instruments can be very helpful in achieving this objective.
The author discusses the various options, challenges and possibilities that Costa Rica has to modify tax incentives in order to reduce their impact on the environment and abate the local and global consequences of climate change, by reducing emissions and taking other measures. Climate change and its effects have become one of the major global problems of the 21st. century. Although Costa Rica had committed to achieve the carbon neutrality goal by 2021, this process was redefined in the new strategy for 2030. Costa Rica intends to become a carbon-neutral nation, which is not only a challenge in terms of reducing emissions, but also involves a technological and institutional change capable of ensuring the sustainability of the country’s goal. Identifying current fiscal and quasi-fiscal instruments, as well as possible future measures in this field is the methodological approach used in this paper, mainly through the existing information. It is clear that the country needs to correct economic incentives to foster low-emission production processes and technologies. The use of tax instruments can be very helpful in achieving this objective.
Descripción
Palabras clave
POLÍTICA FISCAL, CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO, MEDIO AMBIENTE, CONTAMINACIÓN, INCENTIVOS, COSTA RICA, TAX POLICY, CLIMATE CHANGE, ENVIRONMENT, CONTAMINATION, INCENTIVES