Determinación de la tolerancia a salinidad de líneas mutantes de arroz (Oryza sativa L.) bajo condiciones de invernadero en Barva, Heredia
Fecha
2022
Autores
Chavarría Salas, Abigail
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el comportamiento de cinco líneas mutantes de arroz (Oryza
sativa L.) al estrés salino mediante variables morfoagronómicas para clasificarlas según grado de
tolerancia en condiciones de invernadero. Las líneas mutantes se expusieron al estrés salino en las
dos etapas fenológicas más sensibles (vegetativa y reproductiva) durante un periodo de 12 días en
cada etapa a una conductividad eléctrica constante de 10 dS.m-1. Se utilizó un sistema hidropónico
y la solución nutritiva descrita por Yoshida et al. (1976), para el crecimiento de plantas de arroz.
La primera fase estuvo constituida por 72 plantas por línea mutante y el testigo para un total de
432 plantas, se midió antes y después del estrés salino la altura de la planta, longitud de la raíz, el
número de hojas, el grado de tolerancia. En la segunda fase se contó con 15 plantas por tratamiento,
se midió la altura de la planta, el vigor vegetativo, la biomasa total producida, el número de
panícula por planta, la longitud de la panícula, el porcentaje de esterilidad, el peso de 100 granos
y la producción promedio. En el primer periodo de estrés salino dos de las líneas mutantes (400-
04 y 400-14) mostraron deterioro en la primera semana, tanto a nivel radicular como foliar
causando pérdida total de las plantas en ambos tratamientos. En las tres líneas mutantes restantes
(400-13, 400-29 y 400-15) la altura de la planta, longitud de la raíz y número de hojas no
presentaron diferencias estadísticas significativas entre estos y el testigo. El crecimiento general
de las líneas mutantes antes y después del estrés salino tampoco se vio afectando. En cuanto a la
escala de salinidad aplicada se encontró plantas muertas durante el periodo de estrés salino en las
líneas mutantes y el testigo. No se evidenciaron materiales altamente tolerantes, pero si tolerantes,
en las líneas mutantes 400-29 y 400-13 y con un menor porcentaje en la línea 400-15 y el testigo.
Todas las líneas mutantes incluyendo el testigo CR 5272 mostraron ser moderadamente tolerantes
según la escala utilizada. En el segundo periodo de estrés salino las líneas mutantes y el testigo
tuvieron porcentajes de esterilidad muy elevados y por ende la producción promedio se vio
afectada, sin embargo, en menor medida en las líneas mutantes. Se concluye en esta investigación
que los mutantes candidatos tienen una tendencia de tolerancia a la salinidad.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the response of five rice (Oryza sativa L.) mutant lines to salt stress using morpho agronomic variables to classify them according to their degree of tolerance under greenhouse conditions. The mutant lines were exposed to salt stress at the two most sensitive phenological stages (vegetative and reproductive) for a period of 12 days in each stage at a constant electrical conductivity of 10 dS.m-1. A hydroponic system and the nutrient solution described by Yoshida et al. (1976) were used for the growth of rice plants. The first phase, consisted of 72 plants per mutant line and the control for a total of 432 plants; plant height, root length, number of leaves, and degree of tolerance were determined before and after salt stress. In the second phase, there were 15 plants per treatment, plant height, vegetative vigor, total yield biomass, number of panicles per plant, panicle length, percentage of sterility, weight of 100 grains and average yield were measured. In the first period of salt stress, two of the mutant lines (400-04 and 400-14) showed weakening in the first week, both at the root and foliar levels, causing total plant loss in both treatments. In the remaining three mutant lines (400-13, 400-29 and 400-15), plant height, root length and number of leaves showed no significant statistical differences between them and the control. The overall growth of the mutant lines before and after salt stress was also not affected. Regarding the salinity scale used, dead plants were found during the salt stress period in the mutant lines and the control. There was no evidence of highly tolerant materials, but there were tolerant materials in the mutant lines 400-29 and 400-13, and with a lower percentage in line 400-15 and the control. All the mutant lines including the control CR 5272 were moderately tolerant according to the scale. In the second period of salt stress, the mutant lines and the control had very high sterility percentages and therefore the average production was affected, however, to a lesser extent in the mutant lines. It is concluded in this research that the candidate mutants have a trend of tolerance to salinity.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the response of five rice (Oryza sativa L.) mutant lines to salt stress using morpho agronomic variables to classify them according to their degree of tolerance under greenhouse conditions. The mutant lines were exposed to salt stress at the two most sensitive phenological stages (vegetative and reproductive) for a period of 12 days in each stage at a constant electrical conductivity of 10 dS.m-1. A hydroponic system and the nutrient solution described by Yoshida et al. (1976) were used for the growth of rice plants. The first phase, consisted of 72 plants per mutant line and the control for a total of 432 plants; plant height, root length, number of leaves, and degree of tolerance were determined before and after salt stress. In the second phase, there were 15 plants per treatment, plant height, vegetative vigor, total yield biomass, number of panicles per plant, panicle length, percentage of sterility, weight of 100 grains and average yield were measured. In the first period of salt stress, two of the mutant lines (400-04 and 400-14) showed weakening in the first week, both at the root and foliar levels, causing total plant loss in both treatments. In the remaining three mutant lines (400-13, 400-29 and 400-15), plant height, root length and number of leaves showed no significant statistical differences between them and the control. The overall growth of the mutant lines before and after salt stress was also not affected. Regarding the salinity scale used, dead plants were found during the salt stress period in the mutant lines and the control. There was no evidence of highly tolerant materials, but there were tolerant materials in the mutant lines 400-29 and 400-13, and with a lower percentage in line 400-15 and the control. All the mutant lines including the control CR 5272 were moderately tolerant according to the scale. In the second period of salt stress, the mutant lines and the control had very high sterility percentages and therefore the average production was affected, however, to a lesser extent in the mutant lines. It is concluded in this research that the candidate mutants have a trend of tolerance to salinity.
Descripción
Licenciatura en Ingeniería Agronómica con énfasis en agricultura alternativa
Palabras clave
ARROZ, RICE, SALINIDAD, SALINITY, AGRICULTURA, AGRICULTURE, GENÉTICA VEGETAL, PLANT GENETICS, CULTIVO HIDROPONICO, HYDROPONIC CULTIVATION, BARVA (HEREDIA)