Aspectos teóricos de las relaciones consulares
Fecha
1985
Autores
Sáurez Ulloa, Max
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ISSN de la revista
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Las relaciones consulares representan primordialmente un medio de
protección de los intereses del Estado acreditante y de sus súbditos en presencia del poder político del Estado receptor.
Pero, a la vez, se han convertido en un conducto necesario para que los ciudadanos de ambos Estados tengan una vía oficial de comunicación, cooperación y tránsito.
Todo el sistema práctico del funcionamiento de los consulados está bastante regulado por los tratados internacionales y las legislaciones que tienen que ver con este tema, estando todo ello estructurado con base en conceptos y preceptos teóricos de igual o mayor importancia. De este último aspecto se ocupa el presente trabajo de investigación.
Los siguientes aspectos teóricos de las relaciones analizados en este estudio: establecimiento y cesación de las relaciones consulares. La misión diplomática y la oficina consular: conceptos, relación jerárquica e inmunidades. Personal diplomático y consular: relación jerárquica. Avocación de competencias consulares por la misión diplomática consulares y finalmente un apunte sobre la situación actual de las relaciones costarricenses.
Partiendo de este esquema pretendo analizar el fundamento teórico del establecimiento de las relaciones consulares y los procedimientos de ruptura de las mismas, no contemplados en los tratados multilaterales sobre la materia. Se tratará de responder a la pregunta de cuál es la relación de jerarquías entre la embajada y el consulado, entre su respectivo personal y la existencia del principio administrativo de la avocación de competencias entre ambos órganos de las relaciones interestatales.
No omito indicar que el capítulo V fue incluido como sugerencia dada por los profesores que integraron el tribunal lector de la presente tesis.
Este trabajo, además de enfocar algunos fundamentos teóricos de las relaciones consulares, estudia los antecedentes históricos de las mismas resaltándose el privilegio de Centroamérica de haber sido la primera región del mundo en acordar una Convención Consular en 1887.
Para realizar este estudio se ha hecho uso de fuentes bibliográficas y documentales, recogiendo la información atinente en tarjetas que se clasificaron según tema por autor.
El método utilizado para desarrollar los criterios teóricos sobre las relaciones consulares fue el de analizar las normas que sobre ellos con- tiene la Convención de Viena sobre Relaciones Consulares a la luz de la doctrina y de la práctica consular.
La información se recogió en fichas bibliográficas que se clasificaron en orden alfabético por tema y autor.
Como se infiere de lo anterior el trabajo de investigación no enfoca la parte práctica del trabajo consular, sino que sólo estudia los aspectos teóricos que informan su desarrollo y funcionamiento. Desde esta perspectiva estimo que el mismo es original y que además tiene relevancia para los estudiosos de las relaciones internacionales y en particular para quienes se interesan por el derecho consular.
Consular relations represent primarily a means of protection of the interests of the protection of the interests of the sending State and its nationals in the presence of the political power of the receiving State. But, at the same time, they have become a necessary conduit for the citizens of both States to have an official means of communication, cooperation and transit. The whole practical system of the operation of consulates is quite regulated by international treaties and legislation that have to do with this subject, being all structured on the basis of concepts and theoretical precepts of equal or greater importance. The present research work deals with the latter aspect. The following theoretical aspects of the relations analyzed in this study: establishment and termination of consular relations. The diplomatic mission and the consular post: concepts, hierarchical relationship and immunities. Diplomatic and consular personnel: hierarchical relationship. Avocation of consular competences by the consular diplomatic mission and finally a note on the current situation of Costa Rican relations. Based on this scheme, I intend to analyze the theoretical basis for the establishment of consular relations and the procedures for breaking them, not contemplated in the multilateral treaties on the subject. I will try to answer the question of what is the relationship of hierarchies between the embassy and the consulate, between their respective personnel and the existence of the administrative principle of the avocation of competences between both organs of the inter-state relations. I do not omit to point out that Chapter V was included as a suggestion made by the professors who were part of the reading board of this thesis. This work, besides focusing on some theoretical foundations of consular relations, studies their historical background, highlighting Central America's privilege of having been the first region in the world to agree on a Consular Convention in 1887. In order to carry out this study, bibliographic and documentary sources have been used, collecting the relevant information in cards that were classified according to subject by author. The method used to develop the theoretical criteria on consular relations was to analyze the rules contained in the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations in the light of consular doctrine and practice. The information was collected in bibliographic files that were classified in alphabetical order by subject and author. As can be inferred from the above, the research work does not focus on the practical side of consular work, but only studies the theoretical aspects that inform its development and operation. From this perspective, I consider it to be original and relevant for scholars of international relations and in particular for those interested in consular law.
Consular relations represent primarily a means of protection of the interests of the protection of the interests of the sending State and its nationals in the presence of the political power of the receiving State. But, at the same time, they have become a necessary conduit for the citizens of both States to have an official means of communication, cooperation and transit. The whole practical system of the operation of consulates is quite regulated by international treaties and legislation that have to do with this subject, being all structured on the basis of concepts and theoretical precepts of equal or greater importance. The present research work deals with the latter aspect. The following theoretical aspects of the relations analyzed in this study: establishment and termination of consular relations. The diplomatic mission and the consular post: concepts, hierarchical relationship and immunities. Diplomatic and consular personnel: hierarchical relationship. Avocation of consular competences by the consular diplomatic mission and finally a note on the current situation of Costa Rican relations. Based on this scheme, I intend to analyze the theoretical basis for the establishment of consular relations and the procedures for breaking them, not contemplated in the multilateral treaties on the subject. I will try to answer the question of what is the relationship of hierarchies between the embassy and the consulate, between their respective personnel and the existence of the administrative principle of the avocation of competences between both organs of the inter-state relations. I do not omit to point out that Chapter V was included as a suggestion made by the professors who were part of the reading board of this thesis. This work, besides focusing on some theoretical foundations of consular relations, studies their historical background, highlighting Central America's privilege of having been the first region in the world to agree on a Consular Convention in 1887. In order to carry out this study, bibliographic and documentary sources have been used, collecting the relevant information in cards that were classified according to subject by author. The method used to develop the theoretical criteria on consular relations was to analyze the rules contained in the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations in the light of consular doctrine and practice. The information was collected in bibliographic files that were classified in alphabetical order by subject and author. As can be inferred from the above, the research work does not focus on the practical side of consular work, but only studies the theoretical aspects that inform its development and operation. From this perspective, I consider it to be original and relevant for scholars of international relations and in particular for those interested in consular law.
Descripción
Palabras clave
AMÉRICA CENTRAL, COSTA RICA, DIPLOMACIA, HISTORIA, RELACIONES INTERNACIONALES, SERVICIO DIPLOMÁTICO, CENTRAL AMERICA, DIPLOMACY, DIPLOMATIC SERVICE, HISTORY, INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS