Caracterización molecular y conservación in vitro a mediano plazo de genotipos de vainilla (Vanilla spp.) de la región Atlántica
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Fecha
2018
Autores
Rodríguez Hernández, María Gabriela
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Editor
Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)
Resumen
Al ser una de las especies de más importancia económica en el mundo y gracias al desarrollo del banco de germoplasma en nuestro país, se caracterizó molecularmente la vainilla proveniente de la región Huetar Atlántica para llevar a cabo su conservación in vitro a mediano plazo. Las accesiones se caracterizaron mediante la secuenciación de regiones de los genes cloroplásticos maturasa K (matK), subunidad grande de la ribulosa-1,5-bifosfato carboxilasa oxigenasa (rbcL) y el espaciador transcrito ITS del ARN ribosomal nuclear. Luego de un control de calidad y una edición manual las secuencias obtenidas se sometieron al GeneBank y mediante un BLAST se identificaron las secuencias más similares en la base de datos de ácidos nucleicos nr/nt del NCBI. Una vez obtenida esta información, se procedió a realizar alineamientos con MUSCLE y análisis filogenéticos bajo máxima versosimilitud con RAxML y mediante inferencia bayesiana con MrBayes. Se determinó que la región ITS generó más información, con un total de 55 alineamientos y se destacó que las accesiones 23,45,49,59 y 159 son muy cercanas a V. planifolia, V. pompona y V. hibrido. Solamente la accesión 122 destacó por estar ligeramente alejada de las demás accesiones en estudio y debido al porcentaje de similitud con las otras, se puede inferir que corresponde a otra especie distinta, de V. planifolia. En cuanto a la etapa de conservación, se optimizó el protocolo para la introducción in vitro y con respecto al regulador bencil amino purina (BAP), la mejor aplicación para obtener mayor número de brotes fue de 1.5 mg/L; sin embargo, para la longitud de raíz, en donde se obtuvieron valores estadísticamente significativos, fue sin la aplicación de este regulador de crecimiento. Una vez que se obtuvieron estos datos, se logró llevar a cabo la conservación a mediano plazo, en donde se determinó que el manitol promueve más este objetivo y la sacarosa destacó, por generar un desarrollo más rápido, lo cual no favoreció con lo propuesto. Por lo tanto, se recomienda emplear el manitol con otros osmoreguladores e inhibidores de crecimiento, para que se logre disminuir el desarrollo del explante en el tiempo propuesto.
Being one of the most economically important species in the world and thanks to the development of the germplasm bank in our country, vanilla from the Huetar Atlántica region was molecularly characterized to carry out its in vitro conservation in the medium term. The accessions were characterized by sequencing regions of the chloroplast genes maturase K (matK), large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase (rbcL) and the spacer transcribed ITS from nuclear ribosomal RNA. After quality control and manual editing, the sequences obtained were submitted to GeneBank and the most similar sequences were identified using BLAST in the NCBI nr/nt nucleic acid database. Once this information was obtained, alignments were carried out with MUSCLE and phylogenetic analyzes under maximum likelihood with RAxML and by Bayesian inference with MrBayes. It was determined that the ITS region generated more information, with a total of 55 alignments and it was highlighted that accessions 23,45,49,59 and 159 are very close to V. planifolia, V. pompona and V. hibrido. Only accession 122 stood out for being slightly different from the other accessions under study and due to the percentage of similarity with the others, it can be inferred that it corresponds to a different species, V. planifolia. Regarding the conservation stage, the protocol for in vitro introduction was optimized and with respect to the benzyl amino purine (BAP) regulator, the best application to obtain a greater number of shoots was 1.5 mg/L; however, for root length, where statistically significant values were obtained, it was without the application of this growth regulator. Once these data were obtained, it was possible to carry out conservation in the medium term, where it was determined that mannitol promotes this objective more and sucrose stood out, for generating faster development, which did not favor what was proposed. Therefore, it is recommended to use mannitol with other osmoregulators and growth inhibitors, in order to reduce the development of the explant in the proposed time.
Being one of the most economically important species in the world and thanks to the development of the germplasm bank in our country, vanilla from the Huetar Atlántica region was molecularly characterized to carry out its in vitro conservation in the medium term. The accessions were characterized by sequencing regions of the chloroplast genes maturase K (matK), large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase (rbcL) and the spacer transcribed ITS from nuclear ribosomal RNA. After quality control and manual editing, the sequences obtained were submitted to GeneBank and the most similar sequences were identified using BLAST in the NCBI nr/nt nucleic acid database. Once this information was obtained, alignments were carried out with MUSCLE and phylogenetic analyzes under maximum likelihood with RAxML and by Bayesian inference with MrBayes. It was determined that the ITS region generated more information, with a total of 55 alignments and it was highlighted that accessions 23,45,49,59 and 159 are very close to V. planifolia, V. pompona and V. hibrido. Only accession 122 stood out for being slightly different from the other accessions under study and due to the percentage of similarity with the others, it can be inferred that it corresponds to a different species, V. planifolia. Regarding the conservation stage, the protocol for in vitro introduction was optimized and with respect to the benzyl amino purine (BAP) regulator, the best application to obtain a greater number of shoots was 1.5 mg/L; however, for root length, where statistically significant values were obtained, it was without the application of this growth regulator. Once these data were obtained, it was possible to carry out conservation in the medium term, where it was determined that mannitol promotes this objective more and sucrose stood out, for generating faster development, which did not favor what was proposed. Therefore, it is recommended to use mannitol with other osmoregulators and growth inhibitors, in order to reduce the development of the explant in the proposed time.
Descripción
Rodríguez Hernández, M. G. (2018). Caracterización molecular y conservación in vitro a mediano plazo de genotipos de vainilla (Vanilla spp.) de la región Atlántica. [Tesis de Licenciatura]. Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica.
Palabras clave
VAINILLA, CULTIVO IN VITRO, IN VITRO CULTURE, BIOLOGIA MOLECULAR, BANCO DE GENES, GERMOPLASMA, GERMPLASM