El incendio en la pradera
Archivos
Fecha
2020
Autores
Picado Umaña, Wilson
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Grandes bosques de pino ardieron en las cercanías de Chernóbil durante el pasado mes de abril. Después de uno de los inviernos más secos en el último siglo, el fuego consumió miles de hectáreas y obligó al despliegue de rescatistas, vehículos y equipo aéreo, así como el levantamiento de cortafuegos en las tierras contaminadas que rodean la planta nuclear. Solo las lluvias de mediados de abril apaciguaron las llamas. En Ucrania, Europa y en el mundo en general, la preocupación estuvo evidentemente concentrada en la posibilidad de que el fuego llegara hasta el reactor y los depósitos de material nuclear abandonados. El riesgo era, en efecto, elevado. Los incendios se extendieron con rapidez gracias a los suelos secos y la biomasa acumulada, cruzando en poco tiempo la zona de exclusión establecida alrededor del sarcófago y deteniéndose a solo un par de kilómetros de distancia. Favorecido por los vientos, el humo de los incendios llegó hasta Rusia, Bielorrusia y Kiev, la capital ucraniana. Cargadas de partículas radioactivas, estas masas de humo cayeron sobre ciudades, jardines y campos de cultivo agrícola, poniendo en peligro la salud de las personas y su propia alimentación. La presencia del fuego cerró una coyuntura de convergencias amargas no solo para Chernóbil, sino también para el resto del mundo. Los incendios continuaron durante todo el mes de abril y coincidieron con el aniversario del accidente nuclear, el 26 de dicho mes, al mismo tiempo que se enfrentaba la expansión de la pandemia entre la población de las regiones aledañas de Ucrania y Bielorrusia. Radioactividad, virus y fuego constituyen una tríada más que terrorífica, que revela la espiral de conexiones e interacciones socioecológicas en las que la especie humana se ha visto inmersa en tiempos del Antropoceno. Chernóbil representa un punto crítico en la relación del ser humano con la tecnología, uno de sus grandes rasgos distintivos entre el resto de animales. El accidente nuclear constituyó un fracaso en la planificación contingente y en la cooperación heterotécnica, las bases de la creatividad tecnológica de nuestra especie2 . Demostró la falibilidad del conocimiento y la tecnología humana, la subestimación del riesgo tanto como el ejercicio de poder por parte del Estado y de la ciencia para estar por encima de la contingencia y del error, aún a costa de la muerte y el sufrimiento entre las poblaciones irradiadas. Mucho se ha escrito sobre ello.
Vast pine forests burned near Chernobyl last April. After one of the driest winters of the last century, the fire consumed thousands of hectares and forced the deployment of rescuers, vehicles, and aerial equipment, as well as the construction of firebreaks on the contaminated land surrounding the nuclear plant. Only the rains in mid-April quelled the flames. In Ukraine, Europe, and the world at large, concern was evidently focused on the possibility of the fire reaching the reactor and the abandoned nuclear material storage facilities. The risk was indeed high. The fires spread rapidly thanks to the dry soil and accumulated biomass, quickly crossing the exclusion zone established around the sarcophagus and stopping just a couple of kilometers away. Fueled by the winds, the smoke from the fires reached Russia, Belarus, and kyiv, the Ukrainian capital. Loaded with radioactive particles, these masses of smoke fell on cities, gardens, and agricultural fields, endangering people's health and their very food supply. The presence of the fire closed a juncture of bitter convergences not only for Chernobyl, but also for the rest of the world. The fires continued throughout April and coincided with the anniversary of the nuclear accident on the 26th of that month, at the same time that the population of the surrounding regions of Ukraine and Belarus was facing the spread of the pandemic. Radioactivity, viruses, and fire constitute a more than terrifying triad, revealing the spiral of socio-ecological connections and interactions in which the human species has been immersed in the Anthropocene. Chernobyl represents a critical point in the relationship between humans and technology, one of its greatest distinguishing features among other animals. The nuclear accident constituted a failure of contingent planning and heterotechnical cooperation, the foundations of our species' technological creativity. It demonstrated the fallibility of human knowledge and technology, the underestimation of risk, and the exercise of power by the state and science to rise above contingency and error, even at the cost of death and suffering among irradiated populations. Much has been written about this.
Vast pine forests burned near Chernobyl last April. After one of the driest winters of the last century, the fire consumed thousands of hectares and forced the deployment of rescuers, vehicles, and aerial equipment, as well as the construction of firebreaks on the contaminated land surrounding the nuclear plant. Only the rains in mid-April quelled the flames. In Ukraine, Europe, and the world at large, concern was evidently focused on the possibility of the fire reaching the reactor and the abandoned nuclear material storage facilities. The risk was indeed high. The fires spread rapidly thanks to the dry soil and accumulated biomass, quickly crossing the exclusion zone established around the sarcophagus and stopping just a couple of kilometers away. Fueled by the winds, the smoke from the fires reached Russia, Belarus, and kyiv, the Ukrainian capital. Loaded with radioactive particles, these masses of smoke fell on cities, gardens, and agricultural fields, endangering people's health and their very food supply. The presence of the fire closed a juncture of bitter convergences not only for Chernobyl, but also for the rest of the world. The fires continued throughout April and coincided with the anniversary of the nuclear accident on the 26th of that month, at the same time that the population of the surrounding regions of Ukraine and Belarus was facing the spread of the pandemic. Radioactivity, viruses, and fire constitute a more than terrifying triad, revealing the spiral of socio-ecological connections and interactions in which the human species has been immersed in the Anthropocene. Chernobyl represents a critical point in the relationship between humans and technology, one of its greatest distinguishing features among other animals. The nuclear accident constituted a failure of contingent planning and heterotechnical cooperation, the foundations of our species' technological creativity. It demonstrated the fallibility of human knowledge and technology, the underestimation of risk, and the exercise of power by the state and science to rise above contingency and error, even at the cost of death and suffering among irradiated populations. Much has been written about this.
Descripción
Palabras clave
INCENDIOS FORESTALES, FOREST FIRES, DESIGUALDAD SOCIAL, SOCIAL INEQUALITY, CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO, CLIMATE CHANGE