Evaluación técnica y económica de tres métodos de producción de plantas de almácigo de café (Coffea Arábica L. Var. Obatá) “obatá” en condiciones semicontroladas en el Valle Central de Costa Rica
Fecha
2020-08
Autores
Rodríguez Zárate, David
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ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Escuela de Ciencias Agrarias
Resumen
Entender la forma de desarrollar un buen almácigo de café para la renovación de un cafetal,
garantiza la calidad y alta productividad a futuro. Desde hace unos años 15 años se encuentran
registros de diversos ensayos para evaluar la eficiencia en desarrollo de almácigo de café con
diferentes métodos para contar con diferentes alternativas midiendo los costos de producción. Para
contribuir con esta aérea el presente trabajo analizó el desarrollo de plantas y costo económico de
almácigo de café de la variedad Obatá producido por tres métodos, durante seis meses bajo
condiciones semicontroladas en el Valle Central de Costa Rica, para determinar la eficiencia
productiva y la rentabilidad de cada método. Los cuatro tratamientos fueron: Tubete 7.2 x 19 cm,
Tubete 3.5 x 15 cm, bolsa plástica 6 x 8 cm (25 % de broza de café como materia orgánica, 25 % de
granza de arroz y 50 %) y Jiffy-7®. Los resultados mostraron después de seis meses de evaluación, el
Tubete 7.2 x 19 cm el tratamiento con mejor desarrollo en altura con 19 cm, presentó mayor cantidad
de nudos en el eje ortotrópico con ocho, mayor peso fresco de raíz con 16 g, peso seco de raíz 4,3 g,
con un costo de producir la planta es de 218 colones. Seguido por el tratamiento con bolsa plástica 6
x 8 cm (método tradicional) con una altura final de 16,53 cm, siete nudos en el eje ortotrópico, peso
fresco raíz 10 g, peso seco de raíz con 2,9 g, y un costo de producir la planta es de 94,38 colones. El
tratamiento que obtuvo los menores rendimientos fue el sistema Jiffy-7® con una altura final de 2 cm,
un nudo ortotrópico y el costo de producir la planta es de 849 colones. El tubete 7.2 x 19 cm fue el
que mostró mejor desarrollo de altura y un crecimiento similar en raíz comparado con la bolsa plástica,
pero con un costo más alto. El valor del mercado para la venta de una planta de café almácigo es de
300 colones, los costos de producción de los mejores tratamientos están por debajo del precio en el
mercado, siendo una alternativa como método relevante para el productor nacional.
Understanding how to develop a good coffee seedling for the renovation of a coffee plantation, guarantees quality and high productivity in the future. For some 15 years, records of various trials have been found to evaluate the development efficiency of coffee seedlings with different methods to count on different alternatives by measuring production costs. To contribute to this area, the present work analyzed the development of plants and economic cost of “Obatá” coffee seedling produced by three methods, during six months under semi-controlled conditions in the Central Valley of Costa Rica, to determine productive efficiency and profitability. of each method. The four treatments were: Tubete 7.2 x 19 cm, Tubete 3.5 x 15 cm, plastic bag 6 x 8 cm (25% coffee bean as organic matter, 25% rice pellet and 50%) and Jiffy -7®. The results showed, after six months of evaluation, the Tubete 7.2 x 19 cm, the treatment with the best development in height with 19 cm, presented the highest number of knots in the orthotropic axis with eight, the highest fresh root weight with 16 g, root dry weight 4.3 g, with a cost to produce the plant is 218 colones. Followed by treatment with a 6 x 8 cm plastic bag (traditional method) with a final height of 16.53 cm, seven knots on the orthotropic axis, root fresh weight 10 g, root dry weight 2.9 g, and a cost of producing the plant is 94.38 colones. The treatment that obtained the lowest yields was the Jiffy-7® system with a final height of 2 cm, an orthotropic knot and the cost of producing the plant is 849 colones. The tube 7.2 x 19 cm was the one that showed better height development and a similar growth in root compared to the plastic bag, but with a higher cost. The market value for the sale of a seedling coffee plant is 300 colones, the production costs of the best treatments are below the market price, being an alternative as a relevant method for the national producer.
Understanding how to develop a good coffee seedling for the renovation of a coffee plantation, guarantees quality and high productivity in the future. For some 15 years, records of various trials have been found to evaluate the development efficiency of coffee seedlings with different methods to count on different alternatives by measuring production costs. To contribute to this area, the present work analyzed the development of plants and economic cost of “Obatá” coffee seedling produced by three methods, during six months under semi-controlled conditions in the Central Valley of Costa Rica, to determine productive efficiency and profitability. of each method. The four treatments were: Tubete 7.2 x 19 cm, Tubete 3.5 x 15 cm, plastic bag 6 x 8 cm (25% coffee bean as organic matter, 25% rice pellet and 50%) and Jiffy -7®. The results showed, after six months of evaluation, the Tubete 7.2 x 19 cm, the treatment with the best development in height with 19 cm, presented the highest number of knots in the orthotropic axis with eight, the highest fresh root weight with 16 g, root dry weight 4.3 g, with a cost to produce the plant is 218 colones. Followed by treatment with a 6 x 8 cm plastic bag (traditional method) with a final height of 16.53 cm, seven knots on the orthotropic axis, root fresh weight 10 g, root dry weight 2.9 g, and a cost of producing the plant is 94.38 colones. The treatment that obtained the lowest yields was the Jiffy-7® system with a final height of 2 cm, an orthotropic knot and the cost of producing the plant is 849 colones. The tube 7.2 x 19 cm was the one that showed better height development and a similar growth in root compared to the plastic bag, but with a higher cost. The market value for the sale of a seedling coffee plant is 300 colones, the production costs of the best treatments are below the market price, being an alternative as a relevant method for the national producer.
Descripción
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Palabras clave
CAFÉ, COFFEE, CULTIVO, CULTIVATION, SEMILLERO, SEEDBED, PRODUCCION DE CULTIVOS, CROP PRODUCTION, COSTOS DE PRODUCCIÓN, PRODUCTION COSTS