Competitividad del consorcio COOCAFE en el mercado del comercio justo
Fecha
2003
Autores
Castro García, Fernando.
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica.
Resumen
El mercado internacional del café en el segundo mercado en importancia en términos de valor transado en el contexto internacional, únicamente superado por el mercado del petróleo. Tradicionalmente el comercio de este producto ha ubicado a países en vías de desarrollo como los productores y países desarrollados como los encargados de la elaboración, procedimiento y comercialización del bien, existiendo entre el inicio y el final de esta cadena un grupo de actores que se quedan con la mayor proporción de las ganancias.
A continuación, se presenta un estudio que expone otra forma de comercializar el café y romper con esa cadena y manera de distribución de las ganancias mediante la participación en el nicho de mercado del comercio justo, el cual ha sido explotado por el consorcio COOCAFE por más de diez años. la presente investigación utiliza los planteamientos teóricos de la ventaja competitiva, completándola con la concepción de las cadenas globales de mercancías.
El capitulo uno presenta los aspectos metodológicos del estudio. En el capítulo dos, se establece la estructura y formas de relación entre el consorcio y sus cooperativas centrando el análisis en el nivel micro. En el capítulo tres se trata la participación de COOCAFE en el sector cafetalero nacional y regional analizando la estrategia utilizada, así como sus fuentes de competitividad y su cadena y sistema de valor. Posteriormente, se incorpora algunos planteamientos del diamante de la competitividad de la cadena global del café en donde se establecen las diferencias sustanciales entre el mercado convencional del café y el mercado del comercio justo.
De esta forma, el punto de partida es a nivel micro, pasando por el nivel sectorial y nacional para luego abrir el análisis al contexto internacional, para cerrar con la participación de COOCAFE en el contexto internacional de la cadena. La investigación cierra con las conclusiones de cada uno de los capítulos, así como con una serie de reflexiones resultantes de la investigación.
The international coffee market is the second most important market in terms of value traded in the international context, only surpassed by the oil market. Traditionally the trade of this product has placed developing countries as the producers and developed countries as the ones in charge of the elaboration, processing and commercialization of the good, with a group of actors between the beginning and the end of this chain taking the largest proportion of the profits. The following is a study that presents another way of commercializing coffee and breaking with this chain and way of distributing profits through participation in the fair trade niche market, which has been exploited by the COOCAFE consortium for more than ten years. Chapter one presents the methodological aspects of the study. Chapter two establishes the structure and forms of relationship between the consortium and its cooperatives, focusing the analysis on the micro level. Chapter three deals with COOCAFE's participation in the national and regional coffee sector, analyzing the strategy used, as well as its sources of competitiveness and its value chain and system. Subsequently, some of the approaches of the competitiveness diamond of the global coffee chain are incorporated, establishing the substantial differences between the conventional coffee market and the fair-trade market. In this way, the starting point is at the micro level, passing through the sectorial and national levels, and then opening the analysis to the international context, to close with the participation of COOCAFE in the international context of the chain. The research closes with the conclusions of each of the chapters, as well as a series of reflections resulting from the research.
The international coffee market is the second most important market in terms of value traded in the international context, only surpassed by the oil market. Traditionally the trade of this product has placed developing countries as the producers and developed countries as the ones in charge of the elaboration, processing and commercialization of the good, with a group of actors between the beginning and the end of this chain taking the largest proportion of the profits. The following is a study that presents another way of commercializing coffee and breaking with this chain and way of distributing profits through participation in the fair trade niche market, which has been exploited by the COOCAFE consortium for more than ten years. Chapter one presents the methodological aspects of the study. Chapter two establishes the structure and forms of relationship between the consortium and its cooperatives, focusing the analysis on the micro level. Chapter three deals with COOCAFE's participation in the national and regional coffee sector, analyzing the strategy used, as well as its sources of competitiveness and its value chain and system. Subsequently, some of the approaches of the competitiveness diamond of the global coffee chain are incorporated, establishing the substantial differences between the conventional coffee market and the fair-trade market. In this way, the starting point is at the micro level, passing through the sectorial and national levels, and then opening the analysis to the international context, to close with the participation of COOCAFE in the international context of the chain. The research closes with the conclusions of each of the chapters, as well as a series of reflections resulting from the research.
Descripción
Palabras clave
CAFÉ, COFFEA ARÁBICA, COMERCIO INTERNACIONAL, COMPETENCIA INTERNACIONAL, MERCADO INTERNACIONAL, ARABIC COFFEEA, COFFEE, INTERNATIONAL COMPETITION, INTERNATIONAL MARKET, INTERNATIONAL TRADE