Diagnóstico de la planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales de la Compañía Numar, S.A /
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Fecha
2008
Autores
Salazar Chacón, Yajaira
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Editor
Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)
Resumen
La industria aceitera, en general, por la naturaleza de sus operaciones, no solamente produce altas cantidades de aguas residuales, sino líquidos con alta concentración de sustancias químicas que afectan al alcantarillado sanitario y a los cuerpos de agua. Es por esta razón, que la Compañía Numar, S.A. se interesó en realizar una caracterización de sus aguas residuales y en hacer un diagnóstico del funcionamiento de la planta para el tratamiento de las mismas. A grandes rasgos, el sistema de tratamiento cuenta con un proceso aerobio que utiliza lodos activados, el cual es desarrollado en dos reactores secuenciales discontinuos (RSD). Las aguas tratadas son vertidas en el sistema del alcantarillado sanitario. El estudio se realizó de setiembre del 2006 hasta mayo del 2007 y con éste se determinaron las tendencias de los parámetros de calidad de las aguas, a saber, Demanda Bioquímica de Oxígeno (DBO), Demanda Química de Oxígeno (DQO), Grasas y Aceites (GyA), Sólidos Suspendidos Totales (SST), Sólidos Sedimentables (SSed), conductividad, potencial de hidrógeno (pH) y temperatura. Los valores promedio de DBO obtenidos en las aguas residuales de la entrada y de la salida del sistema de tratamiento fueron de 0,67 + 0,04 y de 0,35 + 0,02 g/L, respectivamente (eficiencia de remoción de 48 + 6 %). La DQO promedio en las aguas de entrada al sistema de tratamiento fue de 1,25 + 0,05 g/L y para las de la salida de 0,72 + 0,02 g/iL (eficiencia de remoción obtenida fue de 42 + 4 %). Asimismo, los valores de GyA, en la entrada y en la salida de la planta de tratamiento, presentaron promedios de 0,361 + 0,004 y de 0,226 + 0,004 g/L (porcentaje de disminución de 37 + 2 %). Por su parte, los SST mostraron valores de 0,422 + 0,003 y de 0,433 + 0,004 g/L en la entrada y en la salida.
The oil industry, in general, due to the nature of its operations, not only produces high amounts of wastewater, but liquids with a high concentration of chemical substances that affect the sanitary sewer system and bodies of water. It is for this reason that Compañía Numar, S.A. was interested in carrying out a characterization of its wastewater and in making a diagnosis of the operation of the plant for its treatment. Broadly speaking, the treatment system has an aerobic process that uses activated sludge, which is developed in two batch sequential reactors (RSD). The treated water is discharged into the sanitary sewer system. The study was carried out from September 2006 to May 2007 and with it the trends of the water quality parameters were determined, namely, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Fats and Oils (GyA), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Settleable Solids (SSed), conductivity, potential hydrogen (pH) and temperature. The average BOD values obtained in the wastewater entering and leaving the treatment system were 0.67 + 0.04 and 0.35 + 0.02 g/L, respectively (removal efficiency of 48 + 6%). The average COD in the inlet waters to the treatment system was 1.25 + 0.05 g/L and for the outlet waters it was 0.72 + 0.02 g/iL (removal efficiency obtained was 42 + 4 %). Likewise, the GyA values, at the entrance and exit of the treatment plant, presented averages of 0.361 + 0.004 and 0.226 + 0.004 g/L (percentage decrease of 37 + 2%). On the other hand, the TSS showed values of 0.422 + 0.003 and 0.433 + 0.004 g/L at the entrance and at the exit.
The oil industry, in general, due to the nature of its operations, not only produces high amounts of wastewater, but liquids with a high concentration of chemical substances that affect the sanitary sewer system and bodies of water. It is for this reason that Compañía Numar, S.A. was interested in carrying out a characterization of its wastewater and in making a diagnosis of the operation of the plant for its treatment. Broadly speaking, the treatment system has an aerobic process that uses activated sludge, which is developed in two batch sequential reactors (RSD). The treated water is discharged into the sanitary sewer system. The study was carried out from September 2006 to May 2007 and with it the trends of the water quality parameters were determined, namely, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Fats and Oils (GyA), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Settleable Solids (SSed), conductivity, potential hydrogen (pH) and temperature. The average BOD values obtained in the wastewater entering and leaving the treatment system were 0.67 + 0.04 and 0.35 + 0.02 g/L, respectively (removal efficiency of 48 + 6%). The average COD in the inlet waters to the treatment system was 1.25 + 0.05 g/L and for the outlet waters it was 0.72 + 0.02 g/iL (removal efficiency obtained was 42 + 4 %). Likewise, the GyA values, at the entrance and exit of the treatment plant, presented averages of 0.361 + 0.004 and 0.226 + 0.004 g/L (percentage decrease of 37 + 2%). On the other hand, the TSS showed values of 0.422 + 0.003 and 0.433 + 0.004 g/L at the entrance and at the exit.
Descripción
Salazar Chacón, Y. (2004). Diagnóstico de la planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales de la Compañía Numar, S.A. [Tesis de Licenciatura]. Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica.
Palabras clave
TRATAMIENTO DE RESIDUOS, EFLUENTES, ACEITES VEGETALES, INDUSTRIA DE ACEITES Y GRASAS, REACTORES QUIMICOS, WASTE TREATMENT, EFFLUENTS