Cadenas globales de mercancías en Centroamérica: Análisis del Ciclo de Vida del Producto (ICA) de la cadena del ajonjoli (Departamentos de León y Chinandega de Nicaragua).
Fecha
2006-04-03
Autores
Avendaño Escudero, Martha Elena
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
El ajonjolí es un rubro no tradicional para el cual no existen bienes sustitutos. Su
producción se ha centrado en pequeños y medianos productores de la segunda región de
Nicaragua y representa una fuente de ingreso y empleo muy importante en la zona.
La existencia de un mercado orgánico muestra que el futuro competitivo y el potencial de
desarrollo del sector ajonjolinero según las tendencias del mercado (mejor precio para el
producto orgánico), están ligados no sólo al mejoramiento de la cadena en el área industrial,
sino también en el área agricola, considerando los aspectos ambientales,
Por lo tanto, el objetivo principal de esta investigación es realizar una evaluación de los
impactos ambientales que se generan en la agro-cadena, mediante la aplicación de la
metodología de evaluación del ciclo de vida del producto (LCA), con el fin de proponer
lineamientos de politicas para mejorar la competitividad y sostenibilidad del sector
ajonjolinero de Nicaragua. Además se busca que los productores descubran la ventaja que
posee el producto para poder diferenciarlo y obtener un mejor precio en el mercado,
La utilización de la técnica LA a éste sisiema productivo de Nicaragua consiste en identificar
y evaluar cuantitativa o cualitativamente los impactos ambientales que se generan en este
sector, debido al uso de energía e insumos, así como las emisiones provocadas durante la
producción agricola, el procesamiento, transporte y comercialización. Además esta técnica
permite identificar los puntos críticos del sistema que pueden afectar el ambiente, así mismo
permite que se evalúen las opciones de mejoramiento ambiental, mediante el análisis de
escenarios con opciones tecnológicas
Por medio del análisis de cadenas globales de mercancias se da a conocer las etapas del sector
productivo para la aplicación del LCA, y se logra definir los alcances del sistema productivo a
analizar. Ademas se elabora el perfil imbiental del producto, lo cual permite determinar el
estado del tema ambiental en la cadena a nivel nacional, determinando la posición de los
actores, la problemática local y las regulaciones existentes.
Sesame is a non-traditional item for which there are no substitute goods. Their production has focused on small and medium producers in the second region of Nicaragua and represents a very important source of income and employment in the area. The existence of an organic market shows that the competitive future and the potential for development of the sesame sector according to market trends (better price for organic product), are linked not only to the improvement of the chain in the industrial area, but also in the agricultural area, considering the environmental aspects, Therefore, the main objective of this research is to carry out an evaluation of the environmental impacts that are generated in the agro-chain, through the application of the product life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology, in order to propose policy guidelines to improve the competitiveness and sustainability of the sector sesame from Nicaragua. In addition, it is sought that the producers discover the advantage that owns the product in order to differentiate it and obtain a better price in the market, The use of the LA technique to this productive system of Nicaragua consists of identifying and evaluate quantitatively or qualitatively the environmental impacts that are generated in this sector, due to the use of energy and inputs, as well as the emissions caused during the agricultural production, processing, transportation and marketing. In addition this technique allows to identify the critical points of the system that can affect the environment, as well as allows environmental improvement options to be evaluated, through the analysis of scenarios with technological options Through the analysis of global merchandise chains, the stages of the sector are revealed productive for the application of the LCA, and it is possible to define the scope of the productive system to analyze. In addition, the environmental profile of the product is elaborated, which allows determining the state of the environmental issue in the chain at the national level, determining the position of the actors, local problems and existing regulations.
Sesame is a non-traditional item for which there are no substitute goods. Their production has focused on small and medium producers in the second region of Nicaragua and represents a very important source of income and employment in the area. The existence of an organic market shows that the competitive future and the potential for development of the sesame sector according to market trends (better price for organic product), are linked not only to the improvement of the chain in the industrial area, but also in the agricultural area, considering the environmental aspects, Therefore, the main objective of this research is to carry out an evaluation of the environmental impacts that are generated in the agro-chain, through the application of the product life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology, in order to propose policy guidelines to improve the competitiveness and sustainability of the sector sesame from Nicaragua. In addition, it is sought that the producers discover the advantage that owns the product in order to differentiate it and obtain a better price in the market, The use of the LA technique to this productive system of Nicaragua consists of identifying and evaluate quantitatively or qualitatively the environmental impacts that are generated in this sector, due to the use of energy and inputs, as well as the emissions caused during the agricultural production, processing, transportation and marketing. In addition this technique allows to identify the critical points of the system that can affect the environment, as well as allows environmental improvement options to be evaluated, through the analysis of scenarios with technological options Through the analysis of global merchandise chains, the stages of the sector are revealed productive for the application of the LCA, and it is possible to define the scope of the productive system to analyze. In addition, the environmental profile of the product is elaborated, which allows determining the state of the environmental issue in the chain at the national level, determining the position of the actors, local problems and existing regulations.
Descripción
Palabras clave
AJONJOLÍ, PRODUCCIÓN, NICARAGUA, MERCADO, CICLO DE VIDA DEL PRODUCTO