Cruces híbridos y capacidad de fertilización de espermas en camarones marinos de télico abierto (PenaeIdae : Litopenaeus)
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Fecha
2007
Autores
Ulate Naranjo, Karol
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Editor
Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)
Resumen
En la fisiología reproductiva de camarones peneidos existen grandes vacíos informativos. No se ha logrado un profundo conocimiento de los mecanismos de fertilización. Uno de los objetivos de este trabajo es tratar de comprender más estos procesos con tres diferentes prácticas: la hibridización, la fertilización in vitro y la capacidad de fertilización del esperma. Con respecto a la hibridización se utilizó la técnica de la inseminación artificial para saltarse las barreras precigóticas y se experimento con tres especies del Golfo de Nicoya: L. occidentalis, L. stylirostris y L. vannamei, se hicieron cruces recíprocos sin resultar embriones viables en ningún desove. En la fertilización in vitro se usó un nuevo protocolo con la especie L. occidentalis, en la cual se innovó con la fuente de esperma, ya que se obtuvo el esperma directamente del télico de la hembra, la cual fue previamente inseminada en medio natural. Usando como se ha hecho en otros ensayos de fertilización in vitro, con huevos ovulados naturalmente y haciendo una correcta homogenización de los gametos y con la nueva fuente de esperma, aun así, no se logró obtener embriones viales. En el experimento de la capacitación del esperma el objetivo era comparar la reacción del esperma de la especie L. occidentalis obtenido del macho, ante la exposición del agua de huevo, con respecto al esperma obtenido del télico de la hembra previamente inseminado en el medio natural, las muestras estadísticas sugieren que existe una diferencia significativa del porcentaje de reacción del esperma obtenido del télico de la hembra (33,6+2,7%), al esperma obtenido directamente del macho (16,9+3,6). Estas diferencias encontradas evidencian, que al igual que en los camarones de télico cerrado, las hembras de télico abierto influyen en la maduración final del esperma, aún sin una estructura especifica donde se deposita el esperma. Esto demuestra por primera vez, que las espermas aparentemente maduras de L. occidentalis mejoran su reactividad y capacidad de fertilización, luego de la inseminación. Siendo éste el mayor aporte de nuestra investigación, al estado actual del conocimiento en fisiología reproductiva del género Litopenaeus.
In the reproductive physiology of penaeid shrimp there are large information gaps. A deep understanding of the fertilization mechanisms has not been achieved. One of the objectives of this work is to try to better understand these processes with three different practices: hybridization, in vitro fertilization and the sperm fertilization capacity. With regard to hybridization, the artificial insemination technique was used to bypass the prezygotic barriers and experiments were carried out with three species from the Gulf of Nicoya: L. occidentalis, L. stylirostris and L. vannamei. Reciprocal crosses were made without resulting in viable embryos. no spawning. In in vitro fertilization, a new protocol was used with the species L. occidentalis, in which the sperm source was innovated, since the sperm was obtained directly from the female's telico, which was previously inseminated in a natural environment. Using as has been done in other in vitro fertilization trials, with naturally ovulated eggs and making a correct homogenization of the gametes and with the new source of sperm, even so, it was not possible to obtain viable embryos. In the sperm capacitation experiment, the objective was to compare the reaction of the sperm of the species L. occidentalis obtained from the male, when exposed to egg water, with respect to the sperm obtained from the telico of the female previously inseminated in the natural environment. , the statistical samples suggest that there is a significant difference in the percentage of reaction of the sperm obtained from the female telico (33.6+2.7%), to the sperm obtained directly from the male (16.9+3.6). These differences found show that, as in the closed telic shrimp, the open telic females influence the final maturation of the sperm, even without a specific structure where the sperm is deposited. This demonstrates for the first time that apparently mature sperm of L. occidentalis improve their reactivity and fertilizing capacity after insemination. This being the greatest contribution of our research, to the current state of knowledge in reproductive physiology of the genus Litopenaeus.
In the reproductive physiology of penaeid shrimp there are large information gaps. A deep understanding of the fertilization mechanisms has not been achieved. One of the objectives of this work is to try to better understand these processes with three different practices: hybridization, in vitro fertilization and the sperm fertilization capacity. With regard to hybridization, the artificial insemination technique was used to bypass the prezygotic barriers and experiments were carried out with three species from the Gulf of Nicoya: L. occidentalis, L. stylirostris and L. vannamei. Reciprocal crosses were made without resulting in viable embryos. no spawning. In in vitro fertilization, a new protocol was used with the species L. occidentalis, in which the sperm source was innovated, since the sperm was obtained directly from the female's telico, which was previously inseminated in a natural environment. Using as has been done in other in vitro fertilization trials, with naturally ovulated eggs and making a correct homogenization of the gametes and with the new source of sperm, even so, it was not possible to obtain viable embryos. In the sperm capacitation experiment, the objective was to compare the reaction of the sperm of the species L. occidentalis obtained from the male, when exposed to egg water, with respect to the sperm obtained from the telico of the female previously inseminated in the natural environment. , the statistical samples suggest that there is a significant difference in the percentage of reaction of the sperm obtained from the female telico (33.6+2.7%), to the sperm obtained directly from the male (16.9+3.6). These differences found show that, as in the closed telic shrimp, the open telic females influence the final maturation of the sperm, even without a specific structure where the sperm is deposited. This demonstrates for the first time that apparently mature sperm of L. occidentalis improve their reactivity and fertilizing capacity after insemination. This being the greatest contribution of our research, to the current state of knowledge in reproductive physiology of the genus Litopenaeus.
Descripción
Ulate Naranjo, K. (2007). Cruces híbridos y capacidad de fertilización de espermas en camarones marinos de télico abierto (PenaeIdae : Litopenaeus). [Tesis de Licenciatura]. Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica.
Palabras clave
CAMARONES, REPRODUCCION (FISIOLOGIA), INSEMINACION ARTIFICIAL, ACUICULTURA, SHRIMP, REPRODUCTION (PHYSIOLOGY)