Análisis del aprendizaje matemático de estudiantes de primaria al implementar situaciones de aprendizaje con actividades lúdicas
Archivos
Fecha
2011
Autores
González Zumbado, Manrique Alonso
Rodríguez Angulo, Juan Pablo
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ISSN de la revista
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Editor
Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)
Resumen
Como profesores de matemática en diferentes niveles de secundaria muchas veces hemos escuchado a estudiantes en el salón de clase estar inconformes, dan muestras de desagrado y desinterés hacia esta disciplina. Factores como bajo rendimiento, falta de motivación de ellos mismos han permitido generar la idea de que la matemática es muy difícil.
Para muchos docentes a veces es difícil observar o encontrar explicaciones a las dificultades que muestran los estudiantes en el aprendizaje de la matemática. Esta situación no es exclusiva del III y IV ciclo de la Enseñanza General Básica porque también los niños a nivel de primaria, registran dificultades. Sin embargo, en estos mismos niveles, se reportan pocas investigaciones que permitan desarrollar comprensión matemática en los niños y agrado por aprender.
En este sentido, esta investigación se desarrolla en un contexto educativo a nivel de primaria. Interesa determinar cuáles factores intervienen en el proceso de aprendizaje de la matemática en los niños. Desde nuestra perspectiva creemos que algunos factores que desfavorecen la comprensión y el aprendizaje de la matemática en los estudiantes desde los primeros años escolares son la inadecuada selección de metodologías así su implementación. De este modo se recopila información de estudios anteriores sobre la naturaleza del aprendizaje matemático de los estudiantes.
Fundamentalmente, se toma en cuenta el aprendizaje generado cuando se implementan situaciones de aprendizaje con actividades lúdicas.
Los principios teóricos, así como el estado de la cuestión y los conceptos fundamentales que se utilizaron se complementan en el capítulo de análisis y discusión de resultados. En este mismo capítulo se presentan los resultados más relevantes, producto del análisis de la información proveniente de entrevistas y observaciones (las diferentes técnicas de recolección de información recolectadas en el trabajo de campo). También, presentan descripciones y análisis del conocimiento matemático de estudiantes de primaria al implementar situaciones de aprendizaje con actividades lúdicas.
Por otro lado, se describen los hallazgos obtenidos de los estudiantes participantes en el presente estudio, pues, tratándose de una investigación de carácter cualitativo es de suma importancia conocer su pensamiento matemático y el conocimiento que generaron.
En este sentido, se presentan recomendaciones que surgieron al realizar el análisis y discusión de resultados más relevantes de esta investigación. Estas recomendaciones tienen como propósito fundamental hacer un aporte a los diferentes actores relacionados con el objeto de estudio, y tiene como potencial el mejorar el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje de la matemática a nivel de primaria.
Finalmente, se aclara que se protege la identidad de los niños participantes con un seudónimo.
As mathematics teachers at different secondary levels, we have often heard students in the classroom be dissatisfied, show signs of dislike and disinterest towards this discipline. Factors such as low performance, lack of motivation themselves have allowed to generate the idea that mathematics is very difficult. For many teachers, it is sometimes difficult to observe or find explanations for the difficulties that students show in learning mathematics. This situation is not exclusive to the III and IV cycle of Basic General Education because children at the primary level also register difficulties. However, at these same levels, few investigations are reported that help develop mathematical understanding in children and a love of learning. In this sense, this research is developed in an educational context at the primary level. It is interesting to determine which factors intervene in the process of learning mathematics in children. From our perspective, we believe that some factors that hinder the understanding and learning of mathematics in students from the first school years are the inadequate selection of methodologies as well as their implementation. In this way, information is gathered from previous studies on the nature of students' mathematical learning. Fundamentally, the learning generated when learning situations with playful activities are implemented is taken into account. The theoretical principles, as well as the state of the art and the fundamental concepts that were used are complemented in the chapter on analysis and discussion of results. In this same chapter, the most relevant results are presented, product of the analysis of information from interviews and observations (the different data collection techniques collected in the field work). Also, they present descriptions and analysis of the mathematical knowledge of primary school students when implementing learning situations with ludic activities. On the other hand, the findings obtained from the students participating in this study are described, since, in the case of qualitative research, it is extremely important to know their mathematical thinking and the knowledge they generated. In this sense, recommendations that arose from the analysis and discussion of the most relevant results of this research are presented. These recommendations have the fundamental purpose of making a contribution to the different actors related to the object of study, and have the potential to improve the teaching and learning process of mathematics at the primary level. Finally, it is clarified that the identity of the participating children is protected with a pseudonym.
As mathematics teachers at different secondary levels, we have often heard students in the classroom be dissatisfied, show signs of dislike and disinterest towards this discipline. Factors such as low performance, lack of motivation themselves have allowed to generate the idea that mathematics is very difficult. For many teachers, it is sometimes difficult to observe or find explanations for the difficulties that students show in learning mathematics. This situation is not exclusive to the III and IV cycle of Basic General Education because children at the primary level also register difficulties. However, at these same levels, few investigations are reported that help develop mathematical understanding in children and a love of learning. In this sense, this research is developed in an educational context at the primary level. It is interesting to determine which factors intervene in the process of learning mathematics in children. From our perspective, we believe that some factors that hinder the understanding and learning of mathematics in students from the first school years are the inadequate selection of methodologies as well as their implementation. In this way, information is gathered from previous studies on the nature of students' mathematical learning. Fundamentally, the learning generated when learning situations with playful activities are implemented is taken into account. The theoretical principles, as well as the state of the art and the fundamental concepts that were used are complemented in the chapter on analysis and discussion of results. In this same chapter, the most relevant results are presented, product of the analysis of information from interviews and observations (the different data collection techniques collected in the field work). Also, they present descriptions and analysis of the mathematical knowledge of primary school students when implementing learning situations with ludic activities. On the other hand, the findings obtained from the students participating in this study are described, since, in the case of qualitative research, it is extremely important to know their mathematical thinking and the knowledge they generated. In this sense, recommendations that arose from the analysis and discussion of the most relevant results of this research are presented. These recommendations have the fundamental purpose of making a contribution to the different actors related to the object of study, and have the potential to improve the teaching and learning process of mathematics at the primary level. Finally, it is clarified that the identity of the participating children is protected with a pseudonym.
Descripción
González Zumbado, M. y Rodríguez Angulo, J. P. (2011). Análisis del aprendizaje matemático de estudiantes de primaria al implementar situaciones de aprendizaje con actividades lúdicas. [Tesis de Licenciatura]. Universidad Nacional, Heredia, C.R.
Palabras clave
ENSEÑANZA PRIMARIA, PRIMARY EDUCATION, ENSEÑANZA DE LAS MATEMATICAS, TEACHING OF MATHEMATICS, APRENDIZAJE ASOCIATIVO, CONSTRUCTIVISMO (EDUCACION), METODOS DE ENSEÑANZA, JUEGOS, INNOVACIONES PEDAGOGICAS