Pesca de Octopus sp. en las costas de Cuajiniquil, Guanacaste, Costa Rica
Fecha
2021
Autores
Mora Gamboa, Adrián
Carvajal Oses, Milagro
Campos Rodríguez, Rooel
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Tecnológico de Costa Rica (TEC) (Costa Rica)
Resumen
En Cuajiniquil, Pacífico Norte de Costa Rica; se practica la pesquería del pulpo Octopus sp.
mediante el buceo y el arte de pesca denominado “bichero”, sin embargo, este recurso no ha
contado con las medidas necesarias para un manejo sostenible. El objetivo de la investigación
es aportar información biológica sobre Octopus sp. que permita un aprovechamiento sostenible
en Costa Rica. Se realizaron muestreos mensuales durante seis meses entre mayo del 2018
y marzo del 2019 de Octopus sp. con ayuda de la flota artesanal en la zona de estudio. Se
determinaron los siguientes parámetros biométricos: peso (g), la longitud dorsal del manto (cm),
longitud total (cm) y ancho (cm). Se identificó el sexo por medio de la presencia/ausencia del
hectocótilo y se obtuvo la relación talla-peso. Solo existieron diferencias significativas en el
ancho (cm) de los organismos de acuerdo al sexo (p<0,05), la proporción entre sexos no mostró
diferencias significativas (p≥0,05), y la relación talla-peso resultó ser alométrico negativo para
ambos sexos. Estadísticamente (p<0,05) las tallas menores de organismos se identificaron en
la época lluviosa, específicamente noviembre. El arte de pesca utilizado es no selectivo, los
datos mostraron que se están pescando organismos de menos tamaño que los establecidos
y recomendados en la literatura. En un posible plan de manejo se recomienda no extraer
organismos en el mes de noviembre pues existe alta presencia de organismos juveniles y es
requerido establecer medidas sostenibles de extracción.
In Cuajiniquil, North Pacific of Costa Rica; Octopus sp. through diving and the fishing gear called “hook”, however, this resource has not contacted the necessary measures for sustainable management. The objective of the research is to provide biological information about Octopus sp. that allows a sustainable use in Costa Rica. Monthly samplings were carried out for six months between May 2018 and March 2019 of Octopus sp. with the help of the artisanal fleet in the study area. The following biometric parameters were determined: weight (g), the dorsal length of the mantle (cm), total length (cm) and width (cm). Sex was identified through the presence / absence of hectocotyl and the length-weight relationship was obtained. There are only determined differences in the width (cm) of the organisms according to sex (p <0,05), the sex ratio without different differences (p≥0,05), and the height-weight relationship turned out to be negative allometric for both sexes. Statistically (p <0,05) the smallest sizes of organisms were identified in the rainy season, specifically November. The fishing gear used is not selective, the data showed that organisms of smaller sizes than those established and recommended in the literature are being removed. In a possible management plan, it is recommended not to extract organisms in the month of November because there is a high presence of juvenile organisms and it is required to establish sustainable extraction measures.
In Cuajiniquil, North Pacific of Costa Rica; Octopus sp. through diving and the fishing gear called “hook”, however, this resource has not contacted the necessary measures for sustainable management. The objective of the research is to provide biological information about Octopus sp. that allows a sustainable use in Costa Rica. Monthly samplings were carried out for six months between May 2018 and March 2019 of Octopus sp. with the help of the artisanal fleet in the study area. The following biometric parameters were determined: weight (g), the dorsal length of the mantle (cm), total length (cm) and width (cm). Sex was identified through the presence / absence of hectocotyl and the length-weight relationship was obtained. There are only determined differences in the width (cm) of the organisms according to sex (p <0,05), the sex ratio without different differences (p≥0,05), and the height-weight relationship turned out to be negative allometric for both sexes. Statistically (p <0,05) the smallest sizes of organisms were identified in the rainy season, specifically November. The fishing gear used is not selective, the data showed that organisms of smaller sizes than those established and recommended in the literature are being removed. In a possible management plan, it is recommended not to extract organisms in the month of November because there is a high presence of juvenile organisms and it is required to establish sustainable extraction measures.
Descripción
Palabras clave
CEFALÓPODO, BIOMETRÍA, FISHING EFFORT, ARTISANAL FLEET, PULPO, CEPHALOPADA, PACIFICO, COSTA RICA, MANEJO AMBIENTAL, SOSTENIBILIDAD