La balanza comercial de Costa Rica: de 1970 a 1976
Fecha
1982
Autores
Alpízar Arguedas, Edwin
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Las relaciones internacionales, principalmente las relaciones político- económicas, se han constituido desde hace ya muchos años, en un complejo sistema de conflictos y dificultades internacionales, principalmente como consecuencia de la constante búsqueda de espacio y fuentes de energía para el bienestar de la humanidad. Tanto organismos internacionales como países in- dependientes han señalado con impotencia el empobrecimiento a que se han visto sometidos; de tal manera que resulta casi innecesario describir aquí la difícil situación a la cual la comunidad internacional se enfrenta hoy día.
Sin embargo, como marco de referencia y dado el carácter informativo que se pretende dar con este trabajo, se hace necesario enunciar, al menos superficialmente, algunos esquemas importantes de esta situación, describiendo los principales desajustes que tan severamente han afectado la economía mundial y cómo éstos han perjudicado de un modo más dramático a los países en desarrollo no productores de petróleo.
De este modo, en la década de 1960 y principios de la de 1970, se produjo un auge extraordinario de la economía mundial, en parte como consecuencia Este factor de ciertas políticas expansivas de algunos países industrializados., entre otros, causó al mismo tiempo presiones inflacionarias y desajustes financieros en la economía mundial.
Además el alza en los precios del petróleo entre 1973 y 1974 provocó un traslado masivo de fondos hacia los países exportadores de ese producto, perturbando los mercados internacionales de capital, y con ello produciendo un encarecimiento del crédito.
Esta crisis ha requerido de ajustes tanto de los países desarrollados como de los menos desarrollados. El problema de fondo es que las restricciones propuestas por los países industrializados equivale a una severa desorganización de las economías de los menos desarrollados, que por sus propias características son sumamente vulnerables a las condiciones externas.
El deterioro de las relaciones entre las grandes potencias, el empeora- miento de la tirantez internacional y la intensificación de la carrera armamentista, están teniendo repercusiones aún más negativas sobre los graves problemas estructurales que afectan la economía de los países en desarrollo y sus relaciones económicas con el resto del mundo. Esto ha motivado que se desvíen los recursos, la energía y la atención de la comunidad mundial en direcciones peligrosas para la paz mundial, con perjudiciales consecuencias para to- da la humanidad.
De esta manera los países en desarrollo han tenido que recurrir a un nuevo y oneroso endeudamiento para hacer frente a la situación causada por la inflación importada de los países desarrollados, desde los cuales se han extendido las raíces de este fenómeno al mundo entero.
International relations, especially political and economic relations, have for many years now been a complex system of international conflicts and difficulties, mainly as a consequence of the constant search for space and sources of energy for the welfare of mankind. Both international organizations and in-dependent countries have helplessly pointed out the impoverishment to which they have been subjected, so that it is almost unnecessary to describe here the difficult situation that the international community is facing today. However, as a frame of reference, and given the informative nature of this paper, it is necessary to outline, at least superficially, some important outlines of this situation, describing the main imbalances that have so severely affected the world economy and how these have most dramatically harmed the non-oil producing developing countries. Thus, in the 1960s and early 1970s, there was an extraordinary boom in the world economy, partly as a consequence of certain expansionary policies of some industrialized countries. This factor, among others, caused inflationary pressures and financial imbalances in the world economy at the same time. In addition, the rise in oil prices between 1973 and 1974 caused a massive transfer of funds to oil-exporting countries, disrupting international capital markets and thus producing a rise in the cost of credit. This crisis has required adjustments in both developed and less developed countries. The basic problem is that the restrictions proposed by the industrialized countries are tantamount to a severe disorganization of the economies of the less developed countries, which by their very nature are extremely vulnerable to external conditions. The deterioration of relations between the major powers, the worsening of international tension and the intensification of the arms race are having even more negative repercussions on the serious structural problems affecting the economies of the developing countries and their economic relations with the rest of the world. This has led to the diversion of resources, energy and the attention of the world community in directions dangerous to world peace, with detrimental consequences for all mankind. Developing countries have thus had to resort to new and onerous indebtedness to cope with the situation caused by inflation imported from the developed countries, from which the roots of this phenomenon have spread to the whole world.
International relations, especially political and economic relations, have for many years now been a complex system of international conflicts and difficulties, mainly as a consequence of the constant search for space and sources of energy for the welfare of mankind. Both international organizations and in-dependent countries have helplessly pointed out the impoverishment to which they have been subjected, so that it is almost unnecessary to describe here the difficult situation that the international community is facing today. However, as a frame of reference, and given the informative nature of this paper, it is necessary to outline, at least superficially, some important outlines of this situation, describing the main imbalances that have so severely affected the world economy and how these have most dramatically harmed the non-oil producing developing countries. Thus, in the 1960s and early 1970s, there was an extraordinary boom in the world economy, partly as a consequence of certain expansionary policies of some industrialized countries. This factor, among others, caused inflationary pressures and financial imbalances in the world economy at the same time. In addition, the rise in oil prices between 1973 and 1974 caused a massive transfer of funds to oil-exporting countries, disrupting international capital markets and thus producing a rise in the cost of credit. This crisis has required adjustments in both developed and less developed countries. The basic problem is that the restrictions proposed by the industrialized countries are tantamount to a severe disorganization of the economies of the less developed countries, which by their very nature are extremely vulnerable to external conditions. The deterioration of relations between the major powers, the worsening of international tension and the intensification of the arms race are having even more negative repercussions on the serious structural problems affecting the economies of the developing countries and their economic relations with the rest of the world. This has led to the diversion of resources, energy and the attention of the world community in directions dangerous to world peace, with detrimental consequences for all mankind. Developing countries have thus had to resort to new and onerous indebtedness to cope with the situation caused by inflation imported from the developed countries, from which the roots of this phenomenon have spread to the whole world.
Descripción
Palabras clave
BALANZA COMERCIAL, BALANZA DE PAGOS, COMERCIO EXTERIOR, COSTA RICA, RELACIONES EXTERIORES, BALANCE OF PAYMENTS, BALANCE OF TRADE, FOREIGN RELATIONS, FOREIGN TRADE