Pasantía en el Departamento de Agricultura y Servicios al Consumidor del Estado de Virginia, Estados Unidos, en la División de Seguridad Alimentaria y Servicios de Inspección del Departamento de Agricultura de los Estados Unidos en la región de Nueva Jersey, Estados Unidos y en el Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Veterinaria de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria de La Universidad Estatal de Ohio, Ohio, Estados Unidos
Fecha
2025-02-27
Autores
Caro Vargas, Christina
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Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Se realizó una pasantía de 648,5 horas entre el 5 de febrero y el 2 de agosto de 2024, en tres áreas distintas, ubicadas en los Estados Unidos de América: el Departamento de Agricultura y Servicios al Consumidor del Estado de Virginia (VDACS), en la División de Seguridad Alimentaria y Servicios de Inspección del Departamento de Agricultura de los Estados Unidos en la región de Nueva Jersey (USDA FISIS), y en el Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Veterinaria de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria de La Universidad Estatal de Ohio (OSU). En VDACS, se abarcaron cuatro áreas: inspecciones, servicios de laboratorio, discusiones y servicios de campo. Las tareas de inspección incluyeron controles de cuarentena, clasificación de carne de aves de corral y visitas a plantas de cosecha, subastas de ganado y granjas lecheras. El trabajo de laboratorio incluyó reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR), necropsias de mamíferos y aves de corral y diagnósticos bacterianos. Las discusiones abordaron temas como el seguimiento del ganado, las pruebas de scrapie y las oportunidades laborales del USDA, mientras que los servicios de campo se centraron en las pruebas de scrapie y Theileria. Con USDA FSIS, se visitaron e inspeccionaron nueve plantas de cosecha y seis plantas procesadoras de carne de bovino, ovino, caprino y porcino. Durante estas inspecciones se documentaron anomalías post mortem de cada especie. Además, como parte de supervisión federal para mantener la seguridad alimentaria, se realizaron seis reportes de incumplimiento y tres investigaciones. Finalmente, en OSU, se llevó a cabo una investigación sobre la prevalencia de Salmonella spp. en granjas de ganado vacuno, con especial atención al serotipo Dublin de Salmonella enterica. Se emplearon métodos de recolección de muestras ambientales y técnicas moleculares, incluidas PCR y electroforesis en gel, para la detección de patógenos. Además, se siguió el procedimiento estándar para el aislamiento y la identificación de los serotipos de Salmonella spp. a partir de las muestras recolectadas. En esta pasantía, se reforzaron las destrezas de recolección, procesamiento y análisis de muestras para la identificación de patógenos, se desarrollaron habilidades en procedimientos de inspección de hallazgos patológicos en animales de abasto, y se utilizaron los datos recopilados en la casuística observada en planta de cosecha, las necropsias y en los análisis de laboratorio para determinar los hallazgos patológicos y microbiológicos más comunes en animales de abasto evaluados durante la pasantía.
A 648.5-hour externship was completed between February 5 and August 2, 2024, in three different areas, located in the United States of America: the Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (VDACS), at the Food Safety and Inspection Services Division of the United States Department of Agriculture in the New Jersey region (USDA FISIS), and at the Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine at the College of Veterinary Medicine at The Ohio State University (OSU). At VDACS, four areas were covered: inspections, laboratory services, discussions, and field services. Inspection tasks included quarantine controls, poultry meat grading, and visits to harvest plants, livestock auctions, and dairy farms. Laboratory work included polymerase chain reaction (PCR), mammalian and poultry necropsies, and bacterial diagnostics. Discussions addressed topics such as livestock tracking, scrapie testing, and USDA job opportunities, while field services focused on scrapie and Theileria testing. With USDA FSIS, nine slaughterhouses and six processing plants for beef, sheep, goats, and pork were visited and inspected. During these inspections, post-mortem abnormalities for each species were documented. Additionally, as part of federal oversight to maintain food safety, six noncompliance reports and three investigations were conducted. Finally, at OSU, research was conducted on the prevalence of Salmonella spp. on beef cattle farms, with a focus on Salmonella enterica serotype Dublin. Environmental sample collection methods and molecular techniques, including PCR and gel electrophoresis, were employed for pathogen detection. In addition, standard procedure was followed for the isolation and identification of Salmonella spp. serotypes from the collected samples. In these externships, skills in sample collection, processing, and analysis for pathogen identification were reinforced, skills in inspection procedures for pathological findings in food animals were developed, and data collected from cases observed in the slaughterhouses, necropsies, and laboratory analyses were used to determine the most common pathological and microbiological findings in food animals evaluated during the externships.
A 648.5-hour externship was completed between February 5 and August 2, 2024, in three different areas, located in the United States of America: the Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (VDACS), at the Food Safety and Inspection Services Division of the United States Department of Agriculture in the New Jersey region (USDA FISIS), and at the Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine at the College of Veterinary Medicine at The Ohio State University (OSU). At VDACS, four areas were covered: inspections, laboratory services, discussions, and field services. Inspection tasks included quarantine controls, poultry meat grading, and visits to harvest plants, livestock auctions, and dairy farms. Laboratory work included polymerase chain reaction (PCR), mammalian and poultry necropsies, and bacterial diagnostics. Discussions addressed topics such as livestock tracking, scrapie testing, and USDA job opportunities, while field services focused on scrapie and Theileria testing. With USDA FSIS, nine slaughterhouses and six processing plants for beef, sheep, goats, and pork were visited and inspected. During these inspections, post-mortem abnormalities for each species were documented. Additionally, as part of federal oversight to maintain food safety, six noncompliance reports and three investigations were conducted. Finally, at OSU, research was conducted on the prevalence of Salmonella spp. on beef cattle farms, with a focus on Salmonella enterica serotype Dublin. Environmental sample collection methods and molecular techniques, including PCR and gel electrophoresis, were employed for pathogen detection. In addition, standard procedure was followed for the isolation and identification of Salmonella spp. serotypes from the collected samples. In these externships, skills in sample collection, processing, and analysis for pathogen identification were reinforced, skills in inspection procedures for pathological findings in food animals were developed, and data collected from cases observed in the slaughterhouses, necropsies, and laboratory analyses were used to determine the most common pathological and microbiological findings in food animals evaluated during the externships.
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SALUD PÚBLICA, INSPECCION DE LOS ALIMENTOS, SALMONELLA, DIAGNÓSTICO DE LABORATORIO (MEDICINA VETERINARIA), PUBLIC HEALTH, FOOD INSPECTION, LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICS (VETERINARY MEDICINE)