Factores socio-económicos que propician la incorporación de los adolescentes en labores que presentan condiciones de peligrosidad en la Región Huetar Norte de Costa Rica
Fecha
2011-10
Autores
Rojas Chaves, María Elizabeth
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Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Este estudio permite señalar los factores sociales y económicos que propician la inserción laboral temprana de personas adolescentes en la Región Huetar Norte de Costa Rica y consecuentemente son excluidos del sistema educativo y corren el riesgo de insertarse en labores denominadas peligrosas. La población estudiada estuvo conformada por jóvenes adolecentes que integran la IV Fase del Proyecto “Formación Integral Adolescentes Trabajadores Rurales Región Huetar Norte de Costa Rica”. Siendo estas personas vecinas del cantón de San Carlos: distritos de Cutris y Pocosol, y del cantón de Los Chiles: distritos de Los Chiles, El Amparo, Caño Negro y San Jorge, ambos cantones de la provincia de Alajuela. Estos lugares fueron seleccionados tomando en cuenta que han sido catalogados de bajo desarrollo económico y social circunstancias que irremediablemente afectan a los adolescentes y a sus grupos familiares al tener que desenvolverse en condiciones de desigualdad y marginación, propiciando situaciones de exclusión social que favorecen el trabajo adolescente en detrimento de su condición educativa. Asociado a lo anterior se estudian las características que presentan las ocupaciones desempeñadas, así como las condiciones en las cuales se llevan a cabo, con el objetivo de conocer el grado de peligrosidad a que se exponen los adolescentes en el desempeño laboral. Además, se analizan los factores económicos y sociales como ocupación, ingresos familiares, tenencia de la vivienda, condición educativa de los adolescentes y sus progenitores, problemáticas sociales que afectan al grupo familiar y condiciones laborales en las cuales se desenvuelven. Aspectos que también promueven la incorporación temprana de los adolescentes en labores de baja calificación, particularmente del sector agrícola y de servicios.
This study allows us to point out the social and economic factors that favor the early labor insertion of adolescents in the Northern Huetar Region of Costa Rica and, consequently, they are excluded from the educational system and run the risk of being inserted in so-called dangerous jobs. The population studied consisted of young adolescents who are part of the IV Phase of the Project “Integral Formation of Adolescent Rural Workers in the Northern Huetar Region of Costa Rica”. These people live in the canton of San Carlos: districts of Cutris and Pocosol, and in the canton of Los Chiles: districts of Los Chiles, El Amparo, Caño Negro and San Jorge, both cantons in the province of Alajuela. These places were selected taking into account that they have been classified as having low economic and social development, circumstances that irremediably affect adolescents and their family groups as they have to develop in conditions of inequality and marginalization, favoring situations of social exclusion that favor adolescent labor to the detriment of their educational condition. Associated with the above, the characteristics of the occupations performed are studied, as well as the conditions in which they are carried out, in order to determine the degree of danger to which adolescents are exposed in their work. In addition, economic and social factors are analyzed, such as occupation, family income, housing tenure, housing status, and the conditions in which they are carried out, in order to determine the degree of danger to which adolescents are exposed in their work.
This study allows us to point out the social and economic factors that favor the early labor insertion of adolescents in the Northern Huetar Region of Costa Rica and, consequently, they are excluded from the educational system and run the risk of being inserted in so-called dangerous jobs. The population studied consisted of young adolescents who are part of the IV Phase of the Project “Integral Formation of Adolescent Rural Workers in the Northern Huetar Region of Costa Rica”. These people live in the canton of San Carlos: districts of Cutris and Pocosol, and in the canton of Los Chiles: districts of Los Chiles, El Amparo, Caño Negro and San Jorge, both cantons in the province of Alajuela. These places were selected taking into account that they have been classified as having low economic and social development, circumstances that irremediably affect adolescents and their family groups as they have to develop in conditions of inequality and marginalization, favoring situations of social exclusion that favor adolescent labor to the detriment of their educational condition. Associated with the above, the characteristics of the occupations performed are studied, as well as the conditions in which they are carried out, in order to determine the degree of danger to which adolescents are exposed in their work. In addition, economic and social factors are analyzed, such as occupation, family income, housing tenure, housing status, and the conditions in which they are carried out, in order to determine the degree of danger to which adolescents are exposed in their work.
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ADOLESCENTES, EMPLEO DE LOS JÓVENES, ASPECTOS ECONÓMICOS, ASPECTOS SOCIALES, CONDICIONES DE TRABAJO, TEENAGERS, YOUTH EMPLOYMENT, ECONOMIC ASPECTS, SOCIAL ASPECTS, WORKING CONDITIONS