Evaluación ecológica rápida de un ecosistema urbano: el caso de la microcuenca del Río Pirro, Heredia, Costa Rica
Archivos
Fecha
2011
Autores
Romero-Vargas, Marilyn
Piedra Castro, Lilliana María
Villalobos Chacón, Ronny
Marín Monge, Rolando
Núñez Obando, Francisco
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ISSN de la revista
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Editor
Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)
Resumen
Los sistemas naturales tienen un valor único e irrepetible en sí mismos, ya que son los hábitats de la
flora y la fauna autóctonos, asimismo, los espacios libres o las zonas verdes en paisajes agropecuarios
o urbanos actúan como equilibradores de las disfunciones ecológicas que la actividad humana
introduce. El modelo de crecimiento urbano implementado en las últimas décadas en la Gran Área
Metropolitana de Costa Rica (GAM), carece de sensibilidad y responsabilidad ecológica y ambiental,
así lo demuestran los resultados del estudio de caso de un pequeño territorio localizado dentro de la GAM, la microcuenca del río Pirro. De acuerdo con los resultados de la Evaluación Ecológica
Rápida (EER), los ecosistemas urbanos presentes en el área de estudio se encuentran entre degradados
y severamente degradados; desaparición completa del bosque natural ripario, así como del
bosque húmedo y muy húmedo premontano, niveles severos de contaminación de la calidad del
agua superficial, reducción en la biodiversidad de la fauna (aves, anfibios y reptiles) y alteraciones
de la dinámica fluvial del río. Se requiere de estudios más profundos y de mayor temporalidad que
permitan evaluar la resiliencia del ecosistema y las posibilidades de una recuperación a mediano y
largo plazo. Es necesario además, un cambio en el modelo de desarrollo urbano tradicional, de tal
manera que la planificación territorial incorpore la variable ambiental en el ordenamiento, así como
una cultura ambiental de responsabilidad con los ecosistemas naturales.
Natural systems have a unique and irreplaceable value in themselves as they are the habitats of native flora and fauna. Likewise, open spaces or green areas in urban or agricultural landscapes act to counterbalance the ecological dysfunction introduced by human activity. The model of urban growth implemented in the last decades in the Greater Metropolitan Area of Costa Rica (GMA) lacks sensibility and ecological and environmental responsibility, as demonstrated in a small territory located in the Pirro River Basin. According to the results of a Rapid Ecological Assessment (REA), the ecosystems in the micro basin range from moderately degraded to severely degraded as shown by the complete disappearance of the natural riparian forest and rain forest, severe levels of contamination of surface water, reduction in biodiversity of the fauna (birds, amphibians and reptiles) and changes in flow dynamics of the Pirro river. A more extensive medium- and longerterm study is needed in order to evaluate the resiliency of the ecosystem and the possibilities of restoration. In addition, it is necessary to change the traditional urban development model in such a way that land-use planning incorporates a culture of environmental responsibility with respect to natural ecosystems.
Natural systems have a unique and irreplaceable value in themselves as they are the habitats of native flora and fauna. Likewise, open spaces or green areas in urban or agricultural landscapes act to counterbalance the ecological dysfunction introduced by human activity. The model of urban growth implemented in the last decades in the Greater Metropolitan Area of Costa Rica (GMA) lacks sensibility and ecological and environmental responsibility, as demonstrated in a small territory located in the Pirro River Basin. According to the results of a Rapid Ecological Assessment (REA), the ecosystems in the micro basin range from moderately degraded to severely degraded as shown by the complete disappearance of the natural riparian forest and rain forest, severe levels of contamination of surface water, reduction in biodiversity of the fauna (birds, amphibians and reptiles) and changes in flow dynamics of the Pirro river. A more extensive medium- and longerterm study is needed in order to evaluate the resiliency of the ecosystem and the possibilities of restoration. In addition, it is necessary to change the traditional urban development model in such a way that land-use planning incorporates a culture of environmental responsibility with respect to natural ecosystems.
Descripción
Palabras clave
ECOLOGIA, ECOSISTEMAS, WATERSHEDS, ASSESSMENT, EVALUACIÓN, ECOSYSTEMS, DESARROLLO URBANO, RIO PIRRO (HEREDIA)