Estudio de viabilidad económica financiera para la construcción de siete cabañas en el Complejo Turístico Hacienda Quebrada de Agua en La Cruz, Guanacaste.
Fecha
2020-11
Autores
Lara Mena, Angie Elena
Martínez Ruiz, Maryan
Salguera Rodríguez, Leidy Martha
Torres Cordón, Diana Paola
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica Sede Regional Chorotega
Resumen
Tema
El presente trabajo de graduación se titula: Estudio de viabilidad económica financiera
para la construcción de siete cabañas en el Complejo Turístico Hacienda Quebrada de Agua en
La Cruz, Guanacaste.
II. Problema
El país ha experimentado un considerable crecimiento de entrada de turistas en 2010.
Según datos Instituto Costarricense de Turismo (ICT, 2018), ingresó un total de 2 099 829 y al
mes de agosto del 2017, se registra un total de 2 114 477.
Para el 2018, la cifra fue de 2 138 712, lo cual ha generado un aumento en la demanda de
lugares que estos viajeros extranjeros necesitan para su estadía, en este caso, en la provincia de
Guanacaste, Costa Rica.
Este incremento en la cantidad de turistas en el país y en Guanacaste, debe ser
aprovechado por la microempresa Hacienda Quebrada de Agua, que hasta ahora ofrece
únicamente servicios de canopy, senderos y restaurante. Sin embargo, quiere incursionar en el
servicio de alojamiento, por lo que requiere de un estudio para determinar la viabilidad
económica y financiera en la construcción de cabañas, dirigidas a clientes que deseen
permanecer por uno o más días en el lugar.
Por lo expuesto, es necesario determinar la viabilidad de mercado, técnica,
organizacional, ambiental, legal y financiera, que le permita a Hacienda Quebrada de Agua
tomar la decisión, de aceptar o rechazar la construcción de las cabañas.
III. Objetivo general y específicos
El objetivo general de este trabajo es determinar la viabilidad económica y financiera
para la construcción de siete cabañas, en el complejo turístico Hacienda Quebrada de Agua en el
cantón de La Cruz, Guanacaste, mediante un estudio de mercado, ambiental, técnico,
administrativo, legal y financiero.
Los objetivos específicos son los siguientes:
1.Realizar un estudio de mercado para la determinación de la oferta y demanda que tendrá
Hacienda Quebrada de Agua, en el servicio de alojamiento, mediante la identificación de
las necesidades y comportamiento de la población de estudio.
2.Elaborar un estudio técnico que permita la determinación de la inversión y operación de
siete cabañas, mediante la identificación de los costos operativos, la macro-localización y
micro-localización del proyecto.
3.Efectuar un estudio organizacional que permita la definición de la estructura
administrativa adecuada para el nuevo servicio de hospedaje del negocio, mediante la
planificación estratégica y un manual de funciones.
4.Señalar las regulaciones legales establecidas para la construcción y funcionamiento de
hospedajes turísticos en Costa Rica, por medio de la revisión de las regulaciones vigentes
de Costa Rica, que atañen a la construcción y operación de las siete cabañas.
5.Identificar la normativa ambiental que regula la construcción de edificaciones en el
cantón de La Cruz, Guanacaste.
6.Elaborar un estudio financiero que determine la viabilidad de la construcción y operación
de siete cabañas, por medio de los métodos e indicadores de evaluación financieros.
IV. Metodología empleada
Al diseñar la investigación, se especificó los procedimientos necesarios para obtener la
información que se requiere, a fin de resolver el problema de este trabajo. Esta investigación es
mixta, con un mayor peso, con un análisis en el enfoque cuantitativo, en el cual se mide los datos
para su posterior descripción y análisis.
Se empleó las fuentes de información primarias y secundarias, por medio de diferentes
técnicas: la entrevista semiestructurada al microempresario del Complejo Turístico de Hacienda
Quebrada de Agua, entidades gubernamentales, negocios de servicio de hospedaje de la zona,
asimismo, se aplicó un cuestionario, a turistas nacionales, canadienses y estadounidenses, y se
realizó una revisión bibliográfica.
V. Conclusiones
En relación con los datos obtenidos, se concluyó lo siguiente: - - - -
De acuerdo con la investigación del proyecto, se muestra que la construcción de las
cabañas tiene una gran oportunidad en el mercado turístico en el sector de La Cruz,
Guanacaste, por la aceptación de los turistas que visitan la zona.
Con respecto a la viabilidad técnica del proyecto, se muestra que no se encuentra
impedimento para el desarrollo de este.
En cuanto a las regulaciones legales y normativas ambientales, se concluye que no existe
obstáculo para la construcción de las cabañas, siguiendo las normativas exigidas por
entidades correspondientes.
En cuanto al estudio financiero, se demuestra que, de acuerdo con los indicadores
financieros, ambos VAN son mayor a 0, por lo cual el proyecto es viable, sin embargo, al
analizar el flujo de caja con financiamiento, se obtiene un VAN mayor a 0 y una TIR
mayor a la tasa de descuento, obteniendo mayor rentabilidad para el empresario y
logrando un ID mayor a 1, siendo el mejor escenario para el empresario. - -
En el escenario del flujo del inversionista, el VAN del flujo de inversionista es mayor a
cero, lo que genera ganancia con un VAN de $570 813,35. Por lo tanto, sería el más
rentable de los dos flujos de caja.
Debido a la situación actual, en la que la economía del país y del mundo, así como las
actividades del sector turismo se han visto afectadas por la pandemia mundial por covid
19, se espera que el escenario pesimista sea el más probable que se de en la creación del
nuevo servicio de hospedaje, en el que las ventas se vean incrementadas en un 0% en los
primeros dos años de operación y en un 1% en los siguientes tres años.
VI. Recomendaciones
Ante la pandemia que se presenta actualmente, es necesario tomar en cuenta las medidas
y programas de sanidad implementados por el Ministerio de Salud, para prevenir contagios por la
Covid-19, de empleados y clientes, además de seguir las estrategias recomendadas para el sector
turismo.
-En temporada baja, aumentar la publicidad y promociones para atraer a los turistas
nacionales y extranjeros (estadounidenses y canadienses), así como también actualizar
constantemente la página web y Facebook de Hacienda Quebrada de Agua, con el fin de brindar
información oportuna acerca de los servicios, promociones y actividades que brinde el negocio, a
la vez, responder a las preguntas y consultas de las personas que visiten las páginas.
-Colocar a la vista de los visitantes carteles o afiches con información sobre las rutas de
los diferentes atractivos turísticos cercanos a las cabañas, tanto en las instalaciones como en su
página de Internet.
-Construir un área de recepción que permita tener un mejor recibimiento y contacto con
los clientes, un parqueo para el uso de los visitantes que lo requieran, así como también la
construcción de una casetilla para el guarda de seguridad, todo esto con el fin de mejorar el
servicio y operación de las cabañas.
-Ubicar en diferentes zonas de las cabañas basureros recomendados para la separación
adecuada de los residuos reutilizables de los no reutilizables.
-Comunicar a los colaboradores acerca de la misión, visión y valores del negocio, con el
propósito de que cada uno conozca a lo que se dedica y hacia dónde se quiere ir, además de que
los trabajadores estén al tanto de las funciones que le corresponden, y a quién deben reportarse,
por medio del manual de funciones y el organigrama para el nuevo servicio de hospedaje.
-Para la contratación de los nuevos puestos de trabajo, se recomienda que sean pobladores
de la zona.
-Se recomienda la construcción de las siete cabañas en el complejo turístico, ya que los
resultados obtenidos en los diferentes indicadores de rentabilidad, así como el estado de
resultados y balance general proyectados, mostraron que el proyecto es rentable, según el estudio
financiero.
Subject This graduation work is entitled: Study of financial economic viability for the construction of seven cottages in the Hacienda Quebrada de Agua Tourist Complex in La Cruz, Guanacaste. II. Problem The country has experienced considerable growth in tourism entry in 2010. According data from Costa Rican Institute of Tourism (ICT,2018), a total of 2 099 829 as foreign visitors and on August 2017, a total of 2 114 477 is recorded. In 2018, it was 2,138,712 for foreign visitors which has led to an increase in demand for places these foreign travelers need for their stay, in this case, in the province of Guanacaste, Costa Rica. This increase in the number of tourists in the country and in Guanacaste area, should to be used by the micro company Hacienda Quebrada de Agua, which so far offers canopy, trails and restaurant services only. However, owners want to venture into the accommodation service, so it requires a study to determine the economic and financial viability in the construction of cabins, aimed at customers who wish to stay for one or more days on site. From the above, it is necessary to determine the feasibility of market, technique, organizational, environmental, legal and financial, which allows Hacienda Quebrada de Agua to make the decision, to accept or reject the construction of these cottages. x III. General and specific objective The general objective of this work is to determine the economic and financial feasibility for the construction of seven cottages, in the Hacienda Quebrada de Agua Resort at La Cruz, Guanacaste, through a market, environmental, technical, administrative, legal and financial study. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. The specific objectives are as follows: 1. Conduct a market study for the determination of the supply and demand that Hacienda Quebrada de Agua will have, in the accommodation service, by identifying the needs and behavior of the study population. Develop a technical study that allows the determination of the investment and operation of seven huts, by identifying the operating costs, macro-location and micro-location of the project. Make an organizational study that allows the definition of the appropriate administrative structure for the new business hosting service, through strategic planning and a function manual. Point out the legal regulations established for the construction and operation of tourist accommodation in Costa Rica, by reviewing the current regulations of Costa Rica, which concern the construction and operation of the seven cottages. Identify environmental regulations governing the construction of buildings in La Cruz, Guanacaste. Develop a financial study that determines the feasibility of the construction and operation of seven cottages, using financial assessment methods and indicators. xi IV. Methodology used When designing the investigation, the procedures necessary to obtain the information required were specified in order to solve the problem of this work. This research is mixed, with an analysis in the quantitative approach, in which the data is measured for further description and analysis. Primary and secondary sources of information were used, through different techniques: the semi-structured interview with the micro-entrepreneur of the Hacienda Quebrada de Agua Tourist Complex, government entities, lodging service businesses in the area, also applied a questionnaire, to domestic, Canadian and American tourists, and a bibliographic review was carried out. V. - - - Conclusions Regarding to the data obtained, the following was concluded: According to research of the project, it is shown that the construction of the huts has a great opportunity in the tourist market in La Cruz, Guanacaste area, for the acceptance of tourists visiting the area. Regarding to the technical feasibility of this project, it is shown that there is no impediment for this development. It is concluded that there is no obstacle to the construction of the huts, following the regulations required by corresponding to legal regulation and environmental regulation entities. xii - About financial study, it is shown that, according to financial indicators, both Net Present Value (NPV) are greater than 0, so the project is feasible, however, when analyzing the flow of cash with financing, you get a NPV greater than 0 and a Internal Rate of Return (IRR) greater than the discount rate, obtaining greater profitability for the entrepreneur and achieving a desirability index (DI) greater than 1, being the best scenario for the entrepreneur. - - VI. In the investor flow scenario, the investor flow NPV is greater than zero, generating profit with a NPV of US $570,813.35. Therefore, it would be the most profitable of the two cash flows. Due to the current situation, in which the economy of the country and the world, as well as the activities of the tourism sector have been affected by the global pandemic due to covid-19, the pessimistic scenario is expected to be the most likely to occur. in the creation of the new hosting service, in which sales are increased by 0% in the first two years of operation and by 1% in the next three years. Recommendations -Due to Covid-19, it is necessary health measures and programmes implemented by the Costa Rican Ministry of Health, to prevent contagion between employees and customers, in addition following the recommended strategies from the tourism sector. -In low season, to increase advertising and promotions to attract domestic and foreign tourists (Americans and Canadians), as well as constantly update the website and Facebook of Hacienda Quebrada de Agua, in order to provide timely information about the services, promotions and activities provided by the business, at the same time, answer the questions and queries of the people who visit the pages. xiii -Place in sight posters with information about the routes of the different tourist attractions near the cabins, both on the premises and on its website. -Build a reception area that allows to have a better reception and contact with customers, a parking for the use of visitors who require it, as well as the construction of a guard shack security, all in order to improve the service and operation of the cabins. -Locate in different areas recommended garbage cans for the proper separation of reusable waste from non-reusable ones. -Communicate to the collaborators about the mission, vision and values of the business, so that everyone knows what is dedicated and where the business wants to focus, in addition to the workers being aware of the functions that correspond to them, and to whom they should report, through the function manual and the organization chart for the new hosting service. -For the recruitment of new jobs, it is recommended that they be villagers in the area. -It is recommended to build the seven huts in the resort, since the results obtained in the different profitability indicators, as well as the status of projected results and balance sheet, showed that the project is profitable, according to the financial study.
Subject This graduation work is entitled: Study of financial economic viability for the construction of seven cottages in the Hacienda Quebrada de Agua Tourist Complex in La Cruz, Guanacaste. II. Problem The country has experienced considerable growth in tourism entry in 2010. According data from Costa Rican Institute of Tourism (ICT,2018), a total of 2 099 829 as foreign visitors and on August 2017, a total of 2 114 477 is recorded. In 2018, it was 2,138,712 for foreign visitors which has led to an increase in demand for places these foreign travelers need for their stay, in this case, in the province of Guanacaste, Costa Rica. This increase in the number of tourists in the country and in Guanacaste area, should to be used by the micro company Hacienda Quebrada de Agua, which so far offers canopy, trails and restaurant services only. However, owners want to venture into the accommodation service, so it requires a study to determine the economic and financial viability in the construction of cabins, aimed at customers who wish to stay for one or more days on site. From the above, it is necessary to determine the feasibility of market, technique, organizational, environmental, legal and financial, which allows Hacienda Quebrada de Agua to make the decision, to accept or reject the construction of these cottages. x III. General and specific objective The general objective of this work is to determine the economic and financial feasibility for the construction of seven cottages, in the Hacienda Quebrada de Agua Resort at La Cruz, Guanacaste, through a market, environmental, technical, administrative, legal and financial study. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. The specific objectives are as follows: 1. Conduct a market study for the determination of the supply and demand that Hacienda Quebrada de Agua will have, in the accommodation service, by identifying the needs and behavior of the study population. Develop a technical study that allows the determination of the investment and operation of seven huts, by identifying the operating costs, macro-location and micro-location of the project. Make an organizational study that allows the definition of the appropriate administrative structure for the new business hosting service, through strategic planning and a function manual. Point out the legal regulations established for the construction and operation of tourist accommodation in Costa Rica, by reviewing the current regulations of Costa Rica, which concern the construction and operation of the seven cottages. Identify environmental regulations governing the construction of buildings in La Cruz, Guanacaste. Develop a financial study that determines the feasibility of the construction and operation of seven cottages, using financial assessment methods and indicators. xi IV. Methodology used When designing the investigation, the procedures necessary to obtain the information required were specified in order to solve the problem of this work. This research is mixed, with an analysis in the quantitative approach, in which the data is measured for further description and analysis. Primary and secondary sources of information were used, through different techniques: the semi-structured interview with the micro-entrepreneur of the Hacienda Quebrada de Agua Tourist Complex, government entities, lodging service businesses in the area, also applied a questionnaire, to domestic, Canadian and American tourists, and a bibliographic review was carried out. V. - - - Conclusions Regarding to the data obtained, the following was concluded: According to research of the project, it is shown that the construction of the huts has a great opportunity in the tourist market in La Cruz, Guanacaste area, for the acceptance of tourists visiting the area. Regarding to the technical feasibility of this project, it is shown that there is no impediment for this development. It is concluded that there is no obstacle to the construction of the huts, following the regulations required by corresponding to legal regulation and environmental regulation entities. xii - About financial study, it is shown that, according to financial indicators, both Net Present Value (NPV) are greater than 0, so the project is feasible, however, when analyzing the flow of cash with financing, you get a NPV greater than 0 and a Internal Rate of Return (IRR) greater than the discount rate, obtaining greater profitability for the entrepreneur and achieving a desirability index (DI) greater than 1, being the best scenario for the entrepreneur. - - VI. In the investor flow scenario, the investor flow NPV is greater than zero, generating profit with a NPV of US $570,813.35. Therefore, it would be the most profitable of the two cash flows. Due to the current situation, in which the economy of the country and the world, as well as the activities of the tourism sector have been affected by the global pandemic due to covid-19, the pessimistic scenario is expected to be the most likely to occur. in the creation of the new hosting service, in which sales are increased by 0% in the first two years of operation and by 1% in the next three years. Recommendations -Due to Covid-19, it is necessary health measures and programmes implemented by the Costa Rican Ministry of Health, to prevent contagion between employees and customers, in addition following the recommended strategies from the tourism sector. -In low season, to increase advertising and promotions to attract domestic and foreign tourists (Americans and Canadians), as well as constantly update the website and Facebook of Hacienda Quebrada de Agua, in order to provide timely information about the services, promotions and activities provided by the business, at the same time, answer the questions and queries of the people who visit the pages. xiii -Place in sight posters with information about the routes of the different tourist attractions near the cabins, both on the premises and on its website. -Build a reception area that allows to have a better reception and contact with customers, a parking for the use of visitors who require it, as well as the construction of a guard shack security, all in order to improve the service and operation of the cabins. -Locate in different areas recommended garbage cans for the proper separation of reusable waste from non-reusable ones. -Communicate to the collaborators about the mission, vision and values of the business, so that everyone knows what is dedicated and where the business wants to focus, in addition to the workers being aware of the functions that correspond to them, and to whom they should report, through the function manual and the organization chart for the new hosting service. -For the recruitment of new jobs, it is recommended that they be villagers in the area. -It is recommended to build the seven huts in the resort, since the results obtained in the different profitability indicators, as well as the status of projected results and balance sheet, showed that the project is profitable, according to the financial study.