De civil a policía : estudio del proceso de transformación de los y las agentes a partir de la eliminación del Curso Básico Policial (CBP) de la Academia Nacional de Policia (ANP)
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Fecha
2020
Autores
Cascante Carmona, Valeria
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Esta investigación aborda la transformación que se lleva a cabo en las personas que pasan
de ser civiles a ser agentes policiales. Este proceso se da a partir de la internalización y
externalización de un nuevo habitus, el cual se ve reflejado en comportamientos,
habilidades, conocimientos, actitudes y aptitudes relativas al quehacer del agente policial.
La incorporación del habitus que se lleva a cabo en el campo policial, está definido y
delimitado por el contenido del plan de estudios del Curso Básico Policial y la Política
Educativa Policial, que en conjunto estructuran las condiciones de cambio en los y las
agentes.
El proceso antes mencionado es presentado en los siguientes seis capítulos que cubren los
diferentes momentos de la investigación.
El capítulo I está compuesto por la justificación, los antecedentes socio-históricos, el
planteamiento del problema, los objetivos y el estado de la cuestión.
En el capítulo II, se expone el marco teórico de la investigación y que tiene como base la
teoría del estructuralismo constructivista del sociólogo francés Pierre Bourdieu. Se utilizó
dicha teoría debido a que sé considera que, a grandes rasgos, no solo aborda la relación
entre las estructuras sociales y los y las agentes, su acción, percepción y pensamiento en sus
interacciones sociales, sino que también su concepto de habitus nos permite acercarnos de
mejor manera a la situación en estudio. Para fundamentar el uso de dicha teoría en esta
investigación se analizan los tres elementos fundamentales, a saber: elhabitus, el campo y
los capitales. Juntos establecen una conexión relacional para la conformación de la realidad
social.
El capítulo III presenta el marco metodológico, en el cual se hace un encuadre del trabajo
en términos del tipo de investigación, el enfoque y las técnicas, así como una descripción
detallada del proceso de trabajo de campo realizado en la Academia Nacional de Policías,
sede Pococí, Guápiles con el grupo de estudiantes N°87 del curso básico policial.
El capítulo IV se denominada “Delimitación del campo”, en él se expone la constitución
del campo del cuerpo policial, haciendo énfasis en el Curso Básico Policial y la Política
9
Educativa Policial, elementos necesarios y claves para lograr una construcción del
habitusque requiere el rol policial. En dicho apartado se establece un diálogo entre el
concepto y la realidad que envuelve la formación policial en el espacio de la Academia
Nacional de Policía.
El capítulo V, brinda un extenso análisis de las personas que ingresa a la Academia
Nacional de Policía y el habitusque traen consigo (según la permanencia a distintos campos
sociales), dicha información es agrupada a través de la primera aplicación de las
entrevistas. En este apartado se demarcan las singularidades que conforman al agente civil
que está próximo a entrar en el proceso de capacitación.
El capítulo VI es el apartado de síntesis de esta investigación y fue titulado “El proceso de
transformación: la construcción de un Habitus”. Como su mismo nombre lo indica, en esta
sección se presenta los cambios que experimentaron los y las estudiantes al pasar de civil a
policía, hecho que toma en cuenta no solo la aprobación del curso básico policial, sino que
además involucra la puesta en práctica de lo aprendido. En dicha transformación se
adquiere el habituspolicial que le brinda la capacidad de desenvolverse e interactuar según
las reglas de juego en el campo policial, tras obtener, acumular y luchar por los diversos
capitales que conforman este espacio.
Como corolario de esta investigación se exponen una serie de hallazgos y recomendaciones
obtenidas tras la finalización de este estudio. Con ellas, además, se pretende abrir paso a
futuras investigaciones orientadas por el interés en la formación y transformación policial
This research addresses the transformation that takes place in people who go from being civilians to being police officers. This process occurs from the internalization and externalization of a new habitus, which is reflected in behaviors, skills, knowledge, attitudes and aptitudes related to the work of the police officer. The incorporation of the habitus that takes place in the police field is defined and delimited by the content of the curriculum of the Basic Police Course and the Police Educational Policy, which together structure the conditions of change in the agents. The aforementioned process is presented in the following six chapters that cover the different moments of the investigation. Chapter I is composed of the justification, the socio-historical background, the problem statement, the objectives and the state of the matter. In chapter II, the theoretical framework of the research is exposed and is based on the theory of constructivist structuralism of the French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu. This theory was used because it is considered that, broadly speaking, it not only addresses the relationship between social structures and agents, their action, perception and thought in their social interactions, but also that its concept of habitus allows us to better approach the situation under study. To support the use of this theory in this research, the three fundamental elements are analyzed, namely: the habitus, the field and the capitals. Together they establish a relational connection for the conformation of social reality. Chapter III presents the methodological framework, in which a framework of the work is made in terms of the type of investigation, the approach and the techniques, as well as a detailed description of the fieldwork process carried out at the National Police Academy, headquarters Pococí, Guápiles with the group of students No. 87 of the basic police course. Chapter IV is called "Delimitation of the field", in it the constitution of the field of the police force is exposed, emphasizing the Basic Police Course and the Police Educational Policy 9, necessary and key elements to achieve a construction of the habitus that requires the role police. This section establishes a dialogue between the concept and the reality that surrounds police training in the space of the National Police Academy. Chapter V provides an extensive analysis of the people who enter the National Police Academy and the habitus that they bring with them (according to the permanence in different social fields), said information is grouped through the first application of the interviews. This section demarcates the singularities that make up the civil agent who is about to enter the training process. Chapter VI is the summary section of this research and was entitled "The transformation process: the construction of a Habitus". As its name indicates, this section presents the changes experienced by the students when they went from civilian to police, a fact that takes into account not only the approval of the basic police course, but also involves the implementation of the learned. In this transformation, the police habitus is acquired, which gives him the ability to function and interact according to the rules of the game in the police field, after obtaining, accumulating and fighting for the various capitals that make up this space. As a corollary of this research, a series of findings and recommendations obtained after the completion of this study are presented. With them, in addition, it is intended to open the way to future research guided by the interest in police training and transformation.
This research addresses the transformation that takes place in people who go from being civilians to being police officers. This process occurs from the internalization and externalization of a new habitus, which is reflected in behaviors, skills, knowledge, attitudes and aptitudes related to the work of the police officer. The incorporation of the habitus that takes place in the police field is defined and delimited by the content of the curriculum of the Basic Police Course and the Police Educational Policy, which together structure the conditions of change in the agents. The aforementioned process is presented in the following six chapters that cover the different moments of the investigation. Chapter I is composed of the justification, the socio-historical background, the problem statement, the objectives and the state of the matter. In chapter II, the theoretical framework of the research is exposed and is based on the theory of constructivist structuralism of the French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu. This theory was used because it is considered that, broadly speaking, it not only addresses the relationship between social structures and agents, their action, perception and thought in their social interactions, but also that its concept of habitus allows us to better approach the situation under study. To support the use of this theory in this research, the three fundamental elements are analyzed, namely: the habitus, the field and the capitals. Together they establish a relational connection for the conformation of social reality. Chapter III presents the methodological framework, in which a framework of the work is made in terms of the type of investigation, the approach and the techniques, as well as a detailed description of the fieldwork process carried out at the National Police Academy, headquarters Pococí, Guápiles with the group of students No. 87 of the basic police course. Chapter IV is called "Delimitation of the field", in it the constitution of the field of the police force is exposed, emphasizing the Basic Police Course and the Police Educational Policy 9, necessary and key elements to achieve a construction of the habitus that requires the role police. This section establishes a dialogue between the concept and the reality that surrounds police training in the space of the National Police Academy. Chapter V provides an extensive analysis of the people who enter the National Police Academy and the habitus that they bring with them (according to the permanence in different social fields), said information is grouped through the first application of the interviews. This section demarcates the singularities that make up the civil agent who is about to enter the training process. Chapter VI is the summary section of this research and was entitled "The transformation process: the construction of a Habitus". As its name indicates, this section presents the changes experienced by the students when they went from civilian to police, a fact that takes into account not only the approval of the basic police course, but also involves the implementation of the learned. In this transformation, the police habitus is acquired, which gives him the ability to function and interact according to the rules of the game in the police field, after obtaining, accumulating and fighting for the various capitals that make up this space. As a corollary of this research, a series of findings and recommendations obtained after the completion of this study are presented. With them, in addition, it is intended to open the way to future research guided by the interest in police training and transformation.
Descripción
Palabras clave
COSTA RICA, FORMACIÓN PROFESIONAL, VOCATIONAL TRAINING, TALLERES EDUCACIONALES, EDUCATIONAL WORKSHOPS, SEGURIDAD DEL ESTADO, STATE SECURITY, POLICÍA, POLICE