Masculinidades y Salud: un Estudio a partir de la Historia de Vida de dos Hombres Puntarenenses con Diagnóstico de Cáncer Gástrico, adscritos al Área de Salud San Rafael de Puntarenas
Fecha
2026-05
Autores
Cambronero Unfried, Angie
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
La presente investigación tuvo como finalidad general, desde el referente conceptual de la Psicología de la Salud, el abordaje de la epidemiología crítica y la determinación social de la salud, analizar la construcción de la masculinidad de dos hombres puntarenenses con diagnóstico de cáncer gástrico adscritos al Área de Salud San Rafael de Puntarenas (ASSP), para lo cual se plantean tres categorías de análisis: socialización de género, percepción de la masculinidad y vivencias asociadas a los procesos de salud/enfermedad y el diagnóstico de cáncer gástrico. El estudio recurrió al enfoque de tipo cualitativo, utilizando el método fenomenológico como diseño de investigación. Las técnicas utilizadas para la recolección de la información fueron la historia de vida, acompañadas de frases incompletas y el análisis de contenido para efectos del análisis de los resultados. Como parte de los hallazgos del estudio, se describió detalladamente el proceso de investigación, así como la historia de vida de cada uno de los participantes. Seguidamente, se identificaron los distintos núcleos temáticos que permitieron realizar la sistematización de los datos, integrando las distintas categorías de análisis con los elementos teóricos para culminar con el análisis de la información de los datos recolectados. De esa manera fue posible concluir que la construcción de la masculinidad y el proceso salud/enfermedad se encuentran profundamente entrelazados. Los mandatos de socialización, las percepciones sobre lo que significa “ser hombre” y las formas de vivir el cáncer configuran un entramado complejo en el que la masculinidad funciona simultáneamente como recurso y como riesgo. El estudio puso en evidencia que los modelos tradicionales de masculinidad —centrados en la fortaleza, la autosuficiencia y el trabajo físico— pueden generar barreras para el autocuidado, la expresión emocional y la búsqueda oportuna de atención médica. Asimismo, se mostró que masculinidades más flexibles, que incorporan apoyo social, expresividad afectiva y espiritualidad, favorecen los procesos de afrontamiento más saludables. Finalmente, se destacó la importancia de incorporar la perspectiva de género en el abordaje clínico y comunitario del cáncer gástrico, así como en las intervenciones dirigidas a la salud de los hombres, especialmente en territorios con condiciones estructurales que refuerzan modelos tradicionales de masculinidad. Este trabajo de investigación confirmó que comprender a los hombres desde sus determinaciones sociales, historias de vida y configuraciones de masculinidad es clave para promover prácticas de salud más equitativas y efectivas.
The general purpose of this research was, from the conceptual framework of Health Psychology, Critical Epidemiology, and the Social Determination of Health, to analyze the construction of masculinity among two men from Puntarenas diagnosed with gastric cancer and affiliated with the San Rafael de Puntarenas Health Area (ASSP). To achieve this objective, three categories of analysis were established: gender socialization, perceptions of masculinity, and experiences associated with health/illness processes and the diagnosis of gastric cancer. The study adopted a qualitative approach, using the phenomenological method as its research design. Data collection techniques included life histories, complemented by incomplete sentence prompts, while content analysis was employed to analyze the findings. As part of the study’s findings, the research process was described in detail, as well as the life history of each participant. Subsequently, different thematic cores were identified, allowing for the systematization of the data by integrating the analytical categories with the theoretical framework, culminating in the analysis of the information gathered. In this way, it was possible to conclude that the construction of masculinity and the health/illness process are deeply intertwined. Socialization mandates, perceptions of what it means to “be a man,” and the ways in which cancer is experienced create a complex framework in which masculinity functions simultaneously as both a resource and a risk factor. The study revealed that traditional models of masculinity—centered on strength, self-sufficiency, and physical labor—can create barriers to self-care, emotional expression, and the timely seeking of medical attention. Likewise, it demonstrated that more flexible forms of masculinity, which incorporate social support, emotional expressiveness, and spirituality, promote healthier coping processes. Finally, the study highlighted the importance of incorporating a gender perspective into both the clinical and community-based approaches to gastric cancer, as well as into interventions aimed at men’s health, particularly in territories with structural conditions that reinforce traditional models of masculinity. This research confirmed that understanding men through their social determinants, life histories, and configurations of masculinity is essential for promoting more equitable and effective health practices.
The general purpose of this research was, from the conceptual framework of Health Psychology, Critical Epidemiology, and the Social Determination of Health, to analyze the construction of masculinity among two men from Puntarenas diagnosed with gastric cancer and affiliated with the San Rafael de Puntarenas Health Area (ASSP). To achieve this objective, three categories of analysis were established: gender socialization, perceptions of masculinity, and experiences associated with health/illness processes and the diagnosis of gastric cancer. The study adopted a qualitative approach, using the phenomenological method as its research design. Data collection techniques included life histories, complemented by incomplete sentence prompts, while content analysis was employed to analyze the findings. As part of the study’s findings, the research process was described in detail, as well as the life history of each participant. Subsequently, different thematic cores were identified, allowing for the systematization of the data by integrating the analytical categories with the theoretical framework, culminating in the analysis of the information gathered. In this way, it was possible to conclude that the construction of masculinity and the health/illness process are deeply intertwined. Socialization mandates, perceptions of what it means to “be a man,” and the ways in which cancer is experienced create a complex framework in which masculinity functions simultaneously as both a resource and a risk factor. The study revealed that traditional models of masculinity—centered on strength, self-sufficiency, and physical labor—can create barriers to self-care, emotional expression, and the timely seeking of medical attention. Likewise, it demonstrated that more flexible forms of masculinity, which incorporate social support, emotional expressiveness, and spirituality, promote healthier coping processes. Finally, the study highlighted the importance of incorporating a gender perspective into both the clinical and community-based approaches to gastric cancer, as well as into interventions aimed at men’s health, particularly in territories with structural conditions that reinforce traditional models of masculinity. This research confirmed that understanding men through their social determinants, life histories, and configurations of masculinity is essential for promoting more equitable and effective health practices.
Descripción
Licenciatura en Psicología
Palabras clave
SERVICIOS DE SALUD, HEALTH SERVICES, PERTENENCIA (PSICOLOGÍA SOCIAL), BELONGING (SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY), MASCULINIDAD, MASCULINITY, ENFERMEDADES DEL APARATO DIGESTIVO, DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM, CÁNCER, CANCER
