Metodología para la Evaluación de Rutas de Evacuación en caso de Tsunami Aplicado a la Costa del Pacífico Norte y Central de Costa Rica
Fecha
2016
Autores
Rivera, Fabio
Arozarena Llopis, Isabel
Chacon-Barrantes, Silvia
Barrantes Castillo, Gustavo
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Revista en Torno a la Prevención no.16 17-26 2016
Resumen
Se ha diseñado un método con el objetivo de elaborar una cartografía de rutas de evacuación en caso de tsunami a escala 1:10.000, basado en las directrices establecidas por la Comisión Europea. Las áreas de estudio son las localidades del Pacífico Norte y Central identificadas como más vulnerables ante tsunamis. Dicha metodología está basada en el modelado a baja resolución de 35 escenarios de posibles tsunamis, la vulnerabilidad física y poblacional del lugar; y está adaptada a los datos con los que el país cuenta en este momento. Se emplea una metodología de análisis de redes en un sistema de información geográfica, para determinar los costos superficiales y con ello, la ruta óptima a recorrer para evacuar desde la zona inundable hasta los refugios horizontales (lugares que por su elevación no se inundan en caso de tsunami) o verticales (edificios situados en la zona inundable, que por su altura y capacidad sirven de refugio). En Costa Rica, la metodología dictada por la Comisión Europea debe ser adaptada a la disponibilidad de datos. Muchos de ellos se obtienen a través de instancias públicas nacionales, mientras que otros han tenido que ser creados. Asimismo, se realizan comprobaciones en campo de algunos de los grupos de datos necesarios. El método de análisis de rutas utilizado debe ser forzado en algunos casos para lograr que la evacuación sea completa.
A method has been designed with the aim of developing a mapping of evacuation routes in the event of a tsunami at a scale of 1: 10,000, based on the guidelines established by the European Commission. The study areas are the locations of the North and Central Pacific identified as most vulnerable to tsunamis. Said methodology is based on the low resolution modeling of 35 scenarios of possible tsunamis, the physical and population vulnerability of the place; and it is adapted to the data that the country has at the moment. A network analysis methodology is used in a geographic information system, to determine surface costs and with it, the optimal route to travel to evacuate from the flood zone to horizontal shelters (places that due to their elevation do not flood in case tsunami) or vertical (buildings located in the flood zone, which because of their height and capacity serve as shelter). In Costa Rica, the methodology dictated by the European Commission must be adapted to the availability of data. Many of them are obtained through national public bodies, while others have had to be created. In addition, field checks are performed on some of the required data sets. The route analysis method used must be forced in some cases to make the evacuation complete.
A method has been designed with the aim of developing a mapping of evacuation routes in the event of a tsunami at a scale of 1: 10,000, based on the guidelines established by the European Commission. The study areas are the locations of the North and Central Pacific identified as most vulnerable to tsunamis. Said methodology is based on the low resolution modeling of 35 scenarios of possible tsunamis, the physical and population vulnerability of the place; and it is adapted to the data that the country has at the moment. A network analysis methodology is used in a geographic information system, to determine surface costs and with it, the optimal route to travel to evacuate from the flood zone to horizontal shelters (places that due to their elevation do not flood in case tsunami) or vertical (buildings located in the flood zone, which because of their height and capacity serve as shelter). In Costa Rica, the methodology dictated by the European Commission must be adapted to the availability of data. Many of them are obtained through national public bodies, while others have had to be created. In addition, field checks are performed on some of the required data sets. The route analysis method used must be forced in some cases to make the evacuation complete.
Descripción
Palabras clave
TSUNAMI, PREVENCIÓN DE DESASTRES, CATÁSTROFES NATURALES, PLAN DE EMERGENCIA, REGIÓN PACÍFICO CENTRAL (COSTA RICA), REGIÓN PACIFICO NORTE (COSTA RICA), EVACUATION ROUTES