Guía didáctica: La magia de leer y escribir, para el fortalecimiento de la comprensión lectora de los niños y las niñas de III nivel de la Escuela Central de Filadelfia, Dirección Regional de Educación de Santa Cruz, Período 2021-2022
Fecha
2022
Autores
García Reyes, Ana Laura
McCloud Manzanares, Katherine Stacy
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Editor
Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, Campus Liberia
Resumen
Este trabajo estuvo conformado bajo la modalidad de proyecto el mismo tenía el propósito
de implementar la guía didáctica: La magia de leer y escribir para el mejoramiento de la
comprensión lectora de los niños y niñas de III nivel de la Escuela Central de Filadelfia,
Dirección Regional de Educación de Santa Cruz, Periodo 2021.
Tomando en cuenta los diferentes resultados alarmantes que se han evidenciado
dentro de los informes delestado de la educación 2019 y 2021 se comprueba que las personas
estudiantes tienen altas deficiencias en el área de la comprensión lectora, partiendo de las
diferentes habilidades que el Ministerio de Educación Pública (MEP) espera que los niños y
las niñas dominen en el nivel de tercero.
A su vez, resulta indispensable mencionar que este proyecto de investigación utiliza la
estrategia realizada por las personas estudiantes de la Universidad de Costa Rica llamada “
Guía Didáctica: La magia de leer y escribir” creada para trabajar diversas áreas del español
como la expresión oral y escrita, la lectura, escritura y la comprensión lectora, por lo cual se
toma esta guía y se incluye dentro de catorce talleres los cuales presentan actividades que
pongan en práctica las habilidades mencionadas anteriormente. La intencionalidad de este
trabajo es fortalecer la comprensión lectora de las personas estudiantes, seleccionando
actividades dinámicas que motiven al estudiante a leer cuentos o textos y llegar a una
comprensión crítica y reflexiva de los mismos.
Debido a la caracterización de este trabajo, se establece que su enfoque es cualitativo, ya
que dentro del mismo se involucran los pensamientos, reflexiones, sentimientos y opiniones
de las personas estudiantes en la realización de los talleres. También, se menciona, que su
diseño se define bajo la investigación-acción, esto producto a que se realiza un estudio de las
áreas educativas afectadas, se crea una propuesta y se interviene una población seleccionada
para la mejora del problema. Para la recolección de la información, se implementaron los
instrumentos de diagnóstico, postdiagnóstico, diario de campo y registro de desempeño.
La estructura de este trabajo investigativo está conformada por 5 capítulos: en el capítulo
uno se encuentra la introducción, en el capítulo dos está la construcción teórico conceptual,
seguido en el capítulo tres está el plan operativo de ejecución, en el capítulo cuatro está la
sistematización y análisis de los resultados, y por último, en el capítulo cinco se encuentran
las conclusiones y recomendaciones.
Se evidenció, mediante una prueba aplicada a tres estudiantes de los cuatro grupos de
tercer nivel sobre la comprensión lectora, que los mismos se encuentran en un alto dominio
de la comprensión lectora a nivel literal, mientras que solo la mitad de ellos domina la
comprensión a nivel inferencial y por último se encuentra una tercera parte de los estudiantes
que tiene dominio a nivel crítico. Teniendo en consideración esto se evidencia la alarmante
situación en la que se encuentran las personas estudiantes, ya que según el Ministerio de
Educación Pública (MEP), en el nivel de tercero deben saber leer, escribir y comprender de
manera más avanzada los diferentes niveles de la comprensión lectora.
Así mismo, se reitera que se lograron ejecutar los catorce talleres establecidos para la
población, los cuales tuvieron un gran éxito en su aplicación, esto, debido a que se evidenció
un gran avance en los diferentes niveles de la comprensión lectora de los discentes, también,
mejoraron habilidades como la expresión oral, escrita, la fluidez lectora y la escritura de
párrafos, la creatividad, imaginación, el criterio propio y el pensamiento reflexivo. Las
personas estudiantes lograron dominar cada criterio establecido por nivel de la comprensión
lectora establecido por el Ministerio de Educación Pública (MEP) y por las investigadoras.
Por medio de este proyecto de investigación se instó a los discentes a leer cuentos y textos
poniendo en práctica las habilidades adquiridas dentro y fuera de la institución.
This work was conducted as a project aimed at implementing the didactic guide “The Magic of Reading and Writing” with the purpose of enhancing the reading comprehension of 3rd Level children at Escuela Central de Filadelfia, Ministry of education Regional Education office’s at Santa Cruz, during the 2021 academic period. Given the alarming results observed in the Education Reports of 2019 and 2021, which revealed significant deficiencies in reading comprehension among student populations, it becomes evident that students are struggling in this area despite the Ministry of Public Education’s (MEP) expectations for third-grade students to possess different reading comprehension skills. Moreover, it is essential to mention that this research project employed the strategy developed by students at the University of Costa Rica called “Didactic Guide: The Magic of Reading and Writing.” This guide was designed to address various aspects of the Spanish language, such as oral and written expression, reading, writing, and reading comprehension. Fourteen workshops were incorporated into the guide, each containing activities to put into practice the aforementioned skills. The primary intent of this work was to strengthen students’ reading comprehension by engaging them in dynamic activities that motivate them to read stories or texts and achieve a critical and reflective understanding of the materials. Due to the characterization of this project, a qualitative research approach was adopted as it involved the students’ thoughts, reflections, feelings, and opinions during the workshops. Additionally, the project design followed an action research methodology, where in educational areas were studied, a proposal was formulated, and a selected population was intervened to address the problem. The data collection instruments used included diagnostic tests, post-diagnostic assessments, field diaries, and performance records. The structure of this research project consists of five chapters. Chapter One serves as the introduction, Chapter Two presents the theoretical and conceptual framework, Chapter Three provides the operational execution plan, Chapter Four involves the systematization and analysis of results, and Chapter Five contains the conclusions and recommendations. Through a test administered to three students from each of the four Level III groups to assess their reading comprehension, it was revealed that they predominantly excelled at the literal level, while only half of them demonstrated proficiency at the inferential level, and a third of the students exhibited mastery at the critical level. These findings underscore the concerning situation in which students find themselves, as the Ministry of Public Education (MEP) expects third-grade students to possess a more advanced understanding of various levels of reading comprehension It is worth reiterating that the fourteen workshops planned for the target population were successfully implemented and received positive outcomes. The project led to substantial progress in students’ reading comprehension levels and improved their skills in oral and written expression, reading fluency, paragraph writing, creativity, imagination, independent judgment, and critical thinking. The students mastered each comprehension criterion established by both the MEP and the researchers. Through this research project, the students were encouraged to apply their acquired skills both within and outside the educational institution by engaging in the reading of stories and texts.
This work was conducted as a project aimed at implementing the didactic guide “The Magic of Reading and Writing” with the purpose of enhancing the reading comprehension of 3rd Level children at Escuela Central de Filadelfia, Ministry of education Regional Education office’s at Santa Cruz, during the 2021 academic period. Given the alarming results observed in the Education Reports of 2019 and 2021, which revealed significant deficiencies in reading comprehension among student populations, it becomes evident that students are struggling in this area despite the Ministry of Public Education’s (MEP) expectations for third-grade students to possess different reading comprehension skills. Moreover, it is essential to mention that this research project employed the strategy developed by students at the University of Costa Rica called “Didactic Guide: The Magic of Reading and Writing.” This guide was designed to address various aspects of the Spanish language, such as oral and written expression, reading, writing, and reading comprehension. Fourteen workshops were incorporated into the guide, each containing activities to put into practice the aforementioned skills. The primary intent of this work was to strengthen students’ reading comprehension by engaging them in dynamic activities that motivate them to read stories or texts and achieve a critical and reflective understanding of the materials. Due to the characterization of this project, a qualitative research approach was adopted as it involved the students’ thoughts, reflections, feelings, and opinions during the workshops. Additionally, the project design followed an action research methodology, where in educational areas were studied, a proposal was formulated, and a selected population was intervened to address the problem. The data collection instruments used included diagnostic tests, post-diagnostic assessments, field diaries, and performance records. The structure of this research project consists of five chapters. Chapter One serves as the introduction, Chapter Two presents the theoretical and conceptual framework, Chapter Three provides the operational execution plan, Chapter Four involves the systematization and analysis of results, and Chapter Five contains the conclusions and recommendations. Through a test administered to three students from each of the four Level III groups to assess their reading comprehension, it was revealed that they predominantly excelled at the literal level, while only half of them demonstrated proficiency at the inferential level, and a third of the students exhibited mastery at the critical level. These findings underscore the concerning situation in which students find themselves, as the Ministry of Public Education (MEP) expects third-grade students to possess a more advanced understanding of various levels of reading comprehension It is worth reiterating that the fourteen workshops planned for the target population were successfully implemented and received positive outcomes. The project led to substantial progress in students’ reading comprehension levels and improved their skills in oral and written expression, reading fluency, paragraph writing, creativity, imagination, independent judgment, and critical thinking. The students mastered each comprehension criterion established by both the MEP and the researchers. Through this research project, the students were encouraged to apply their acquired skills both within and outside the educational institution by engaging in the reading of stories and texts.
Descripción
Palabras clave
PEDAGOGÍA, LECTURA, ESCRITURA, NIÑOS, NIÑAS, FILADELFIA (DISTRITO), PEDAGOGY, READING, WRITING, CHILDREN, GIRLS