Efectos del cumplimiento del Indicador de Cobertura de Liquidez sobre las tasas de interés activas emitidas por un conjunto investigado de bancos de Costa Rica
Fecha
2021
Autores
Quirós Vargas, Fabiola
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
La regulación bancaria en materia de riesgo de liquidez ha tomado importante relevancia en los
últimos años con la implementación del tercer acuerdo de Basilea. Las regulaciones presentes
en este acuerdo consisten en un conjunto de medidas que tienen como objetivo fortalecer las
debilidades de las entidades bancarias que surgieron a la luz a partir de la crisis financiera del
año 2008.
Algunas medidas de este acuerdo en materia de riesgo de liquidez son el Indicador de
Financiamiento Estable Neta y el Indicador de Cobertura de Liquidez (ICL). Pocos años después
del establecimiento del tercer acuerdo de Basilea, Costa Rica adoptó algunas de estas
regulaciones, incluyendo el ICL. Sobre este último indicador se basa el presente proyecto de
graduación.
El ICL consiste en una razón financiera que muestra el nivel relativo de los fondos de activos
líquidos de la entidad bancaria con respecto a las salidas netas de efectivo, en un horizonte
temporal de 30 días. El propósito de este indicador consiste en una medida de mitigación de
riesgo para asegurar que las entidades supervisadas tienen la capacidad de superar periodos de
tensión de 30 días, utilizando sus activos líquidos de alta calidad como respaldo.
Las experiencias en otros países sugieren que este Indicador, a pesar de darle fortaleza a los
sistemas bancarios, puede significar mayores costos para estas entidades. Estos mayores costos
se pueden canalizar en distintas áreas de la economía, entre ellas, en las tasas de interés para
préstamos que emiten los entes bancarios, tal como lo plantea la presente investigación.
Por lo anterior, este proyecto de graduación tiene como objetivo analizar si el cumplimiento
con la normativa del ICL, puede afectar las tasas de interés activas que emiten las entidades
bancarias al mercado. Esta hipótesis se basa en que los bancos al mantener activos productivos
en estado ocioso -en cumplimiento con la normativa- pueden canalizar estos costos adicionales
por medio de la emisión de tasas de interés activas más elevadas al mercado.
Para llevar a cabo este estudio, se seleccionó el Banco Nacional y el BAC San José, S.A., con el
fin de analizar si el cumplimiento con el ICL provocó afectaciones sobre las tasas de interés
activas que dichas entidades emitieron al mercado en el periodo de enero 2010 a junio 2020.
Es importante mencionar que el periodo de análisis incluye los primeros meses de la crisis
sanitaria provocada por la COVID-19. Sin embargo, los efectos de la crisis sanitaria sobre la
economía costarricense no fueron incluidos en este trabajo de investigación debido a la poca
información disponible al momento de la presentación y aprobación del anteproyecto. Por
tanto, este trabajo de investigación asume un comportamiento constante de las variables para
el periodo analizado.
The banking regulation in terms of liquidity risk has taken on important relevance in the recent years with the implementation of the third Basel agreement. The present regulations in this agreement consist of a set of measures that aim to strengthen the weaknesses of the banking entities that came to light from the financial crisis of the year 2008. Some measures of this agreement regarding liquidity risk are the Indicator of Net Stable Financing and the Liquidity Coverage Indicator (ICL). few years later After the establishment of the third Basel agreement, Costa Rica adopted some of these regulations, including the ICL. This last indicator is based on the present project of graduation. The ICL consists of a financial ratio that shows the relative level of asset pools liquid assets of the banking entity with respect to net cash outflows, in a horizon temporary 30 days. The purpose of this indicator is as a risk mitigation measure. risk to ensure that the supervised entities have the capacity to overcome periods of 30-day stress, using your high-quality liquid assets as backing. Experiences in other countries suggest that this Indicator, despite giving strength to the banking systems, may mean higher costs for these entities. These higher costs can be channeled into different areas of the economy, including interest rates for loans issued by banking entities, as proposed by this investigation. Therefore, this graduation project aims to analyze whether compliance with the ICL regulations, it can affect the active interest rates issued by entities banks to the market. This hypothesis is based on the fact that banks, when maintaining productive assets in an idle state -in compliance with regulations- can channel these additional costs by issuing higher active interest rates to the market. To carry out this study, Banco Nacional and BAC San José, S.A. were selected, with the in order to analyze whether compliance with the ICL caused effects on interest rates assets that these entities issued to the market in the period from January 2010 to June 2020. It is important to mention that the analysis period includes the first months of the crisis. health caused by COVID-19. However, the effects of the health crisis on the Costa Rican economy were not included in this research work due to the lack of information available at the time of the presentation and approval of the draft. For Therefore, this research work assumes a constant behavior of the variables for the analyzed period
The banking regulation in terms of liquidity risk has taken on important relevance in the recent years with the implementation of the third Basel agreement. The present regulations in this agreement consist of a set of measures that aim to strengthen the weaknesses of the banking entities that came to light from the financial crisis of the year 2008. Some measures of this agreement regarding liquidity risk are the Indicator of Net Stable Financing and the Liquidity Coverage Indicator (ICL). few years later After the establishment of the third Basel agreement, Costa Rica adopted some of these regulations, including the ICL. This last indicator is based on the present project of graduation. The ICL consists of a financial ratio that shows the relative level of asset pools liquid assets of the banking entity with respect to net cash outflows, in a horizon temporary 30 days. The purpose of this indicator is as a risk mitigation measure. risk to ensure that the supervised entities have the capacity to overcome periods of 30-day stress, using your high-quality liquid assets as backing. Experiences in other countries suggest that this Indicator, despite giving strength to the banking systems, may mean higher costs for these entities. These higher costs can be channeled into different areas of the economy, including interest rates for loans issued by banking entities, as proposed by this investigation. Therefore, this graduation project aims to analyze whether compliance with the ICL regulations, it can affect the active interest rates issued by entities banks to the market. This hypothesis is based on the fact that banks, when maintaining productive assets in an idle state -in compliance with regulations- can channel these additional costs by issuing higher active interest rates to the market. To carry out this study, Banco Nacional and BAC San José, S.A. were selected, with the in order to analyze whether compliance with the ICL caused effects on interest rates assets that these entities issued to the market in the period from January 2010 to June 2020. It is important to mention that the analysis period includes the first months of the crisis. health caused by COVID-19. However, the effects of the health crisis on the Costa Rican economy were not included in this research work due to the lack of information available at the time of the presentation and approval of the draft. For Therefore, this research work assumes a constant behavior of the variables for the analyzed period
Descripción
Palabras clave
COSTA RICA, BANCOS, RIESGO (FINANZAS), RISK (FINANCE), RECESIÓN ECONÓMICA, ECONOMIC RECESSION, LIQUIDEZ, LIQUIDITY