Enseñanza de las ciencias y atención al estudiantado con discapacidad visual mediante Estrategias de Estimulación Cognitiva basadas en el Diseño Universal para el Aprendizaje
Fecha
2025-06-01
Autores
Vásquez Solís, Joselyn
Ugalde-Arguedas, Katherine
Zúñiga Meléndez, Adriana
Seco Villalobos, Beltrán
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Introducción. Este artículo se origina de una investigación realizada para obtener el grado de Licenciatura en Enseñanza de las Ciencias de la Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica. Objetivo. Identificar estrategias de mediación pedagógica utilizadas por las personas docentes, así como su conocimiento acerca de las Estrategias de Estimulación Cognitiva (EEC) basadas en el Diseño Universal para el Aprendizaje (DUA) para la atención de personas con discapacidad visual y evaluar una propuesta de EEC basadas en el DUA. Metodología. Se realizó una investigación desde el paradigma naturalista, de enfoque cualitativo y diseño fenomenológico. Se trabajó con tres instituciones de educación secundaria, de las cuales se contó con una muestra de nueve docentes de ciencias y tres estudiantes con discapacidad visual. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas, para conocer las estrategias de mediación pedagógica y la implementación del DUA. Posteriormente, se evaluó una propuesta didáctica con EEC, por lo que se aplicó una segunda entrevista semiestructurada con el estudiantado y un cuestionario con el profesorado y el asesor de Ciencias del Centro Nacional de Educación Helen Keller (CNEHK). Se llevó a cabo un análisis descriptivo cualitativo. Resultados. Se identificaron las estrategias de mediación pedagógica, y el conocimiento e implementación del DUA en las personas docentes, así como los apoyos educativos para la atención del estudiantado con discapacidad visual. La evaluación de la propuesta didáctica evidencia que las EEC fundamentadas en el DUA son importantes potenciadores del aprendizaje. Conclusiones. Los procesos de capacitación, reflexión y sensibilización son importantes para promover en el personal docente el conocimiento sobre el DUA y las EEC, que permitan implementar estrategias en la atención al estudiantado desde una perspectiva inclusiva.
Abstract. Introduction. This article originates from research conducted to obtain a Licenciatura degree in Science Education from the National University of Costa Rica. Objective. To identify the pedagogical mediation strategies used by teachers, as well as their knowledge of Cognitive Stimulation Strategies (CSS) based on Universal Design for Learning (UDL) for supporting students with visual disabilities, and to evaluate a CSS proposal grounded in the UDL framework. Methodology. The study was conducted within a naturalistic paradigm, using a qualitative approach and a phenomenological design. Research was carried out in three secondary education institutions, involving a sample of nine science teachers and three students with visual impairments. Semistructured interviews were conducted to explore pedagogical mediation strategies and the implementation of CSS. Following this, a didactic proposal incorporating CSS was evaluated through a second round of semi-structured interviews with the students, as well as a questionnaire administered to the teachers and the Science advisor at the Helen Keller National Center for Education (CNEHK). A descriptive qualitative analysis was performed. Results. The study identified various pedagogical mediation strategies and assessed the level of knowledge and application of CSS among teachers, along with the educational supports provided to students with visual impairments. The evaluation of the didactic proposal indicated that CSS based on UDL are significant enhancers of student learning. Conclusions. Ongoing training, reflective practice, and awareness-raising initiatives are essential to promote teacher understanding of CSS and UDL, fostering the implementation of inclusive strategies for student support.
Abstract. Introduction. This article originates from research conducted to obtain a Licenciatura degree in Science Education from the National University of Costa Rica. Objective. To identify the pedagogical mediation strategies used by teachers, as well as their knowledge of Cognitive Stimulation Strategies (CSS) based on Universal Design for Learning (UDL) for supporting students with visual disabilities, and to evaluate a CSS proposal grounded in the UDL framework. Methodology. The study was conducted within a naturalistic paradigm, using a qualitative approach and a phenomenological design. Research was carried out in three secondary education institutions, involving a sample of nine science teachers and three students with visual impairments. Semistructured interviews were conducted to explore pedagogical mediation strategies and the implementation of CSS. Following this, a didactic proposal incorporating CSS was evaluated through a second round of semi-structured interviews with the students, as well as a questionnaire administered to the teachers and the Science advisor at the Helen Keller National Center for Education (CNEHK). A descriptive qualitative analysis was performed. Results. The study identified various pedagogical mediation strategies and assessed the level of knowledge and application of CSS among teachers, along with the educational supports provided to students with visual impairments. The evaluation of the didactic proposal indicated that CSS based on UDL are significant enhancers of student learning. Conclusions. Ongoing training, reflective practice, and awareness-raising initiatives are essential to promote teacher understanding of CSS and UDL, fostering the implementation of inclusive strategies for student support.
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EDUCACIÓN SECUNDARIA, ENSEÑANZA DE LAS CIENCIAS, DISCAPACIDAD VISUAL, FORMACIÓN DE DOCENTES, DISEÑO UNIVERSAL PARA EL APRENDIZAJE, LEARNING STRATEGIES, VISUAL DISABILITY
