Nuevos escenarios climáticos y procesos de planificación socioproductiva de productores de la Lucha y Santa Rosa, Río Jiménez de Guácimo
Fecha
2019-10
Autores
Bermúdez Vargas, Ligia Elena
Segura Alvarado, Susan Victoria
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
El presente proyecto final de graduación se elaboró en las comunidades de La Lucha
y Santa Rosa de Río Jiménez, ambas ubicadas en el cantón de Guácimo, de la
provincia Limón. Los actores involucrados en la investigación fueron, específicamente,
productores agrícolas de pequeña escala y que proporcionan sus fincas como aulas
abiertas para la comunidad estudiantil de la Universidad Escuela de Agricultura de la
Región Tropical Húmeda.
Estos agricultores, con el paso de los años, se han visto influenciados por la
variabilidad climática, motivo por el cual surgió el planteamiento del problema que se
expondrá más adelante. Aunado a esto, el interés por desarrollar el estudio surgió ante
la interrogante sobre cómo estas variaciones climáticas han afectado los niveles
socioproductivos de las personas afectadas y que se hace ante estas.
Debido a las influencias y consecuencias que generan los nuevos patrones climáticos,
es importante formular una propuesta a partir de una sistematización del cómo la
planificación socioproductiva puede ayudar a los pequeños productores a enfrentar,
de mejor manera, los nuevos escenarios climáticos, esto de acuerdo con la variabilidad
climática presente en las comunidades.
El primer paso consistió en describir, por medio de un diagnóstico socioeconómico, las
situaciones que presentan las fincas en La Lucha y Santa Rosa, el segundo fue
identificar los cambios en las condiciones climáticas que han afectado a la población
del distrito Río Jiménez, Guácimo, en los últimos diez años y las consecuencias
asociadas, el tercer paso fue establecer las diferentes adaptaciones al cambio
climático que han tenido que aplicarse a la agricultura de las localidades en estudio.
Finalmente, se caracterizaron las alternativas de planificación socioproductivas del
distrito Río Jiménez y la evolución que estas han experimentado con el transcurso de
los años.
En relación con lo anterior, se seleccionó como enfoque metodológico investigativo el
desarrollo de un estudio de caso, para tratar de solucionar el problema de
investigación.
Asimismo, se obtuvo como resultados que, tanto en la Lucha como en Santa Rosa de
Río Jiménez, la población se dedica como actividad principal a las labores agrícolas.
Aunado a esto, los agricultores han presentado dificultades, pues se observó que en
los últimos diez años el clima ha tenido cambios drásticos, por consiguiente, se
identificó la variabilidad climática presente en la zona. A pesar de esto, los agricultores
no han logrado organizarse en cuanto al manejo de los sistemas productivos en las
fincas. A manera de diagnóstico, se identificaron las preferencias en actividades
agrícolas presentes en las fincas y cómo las afecta la variabilidad climática.
Por otra parte, al identificar los cambios en las condiciones climáticas que afectan a la
zona de estudio en los últimos diez años para el periodo 2005-2015, se evidenció una
fluctuación en las precipitaciones con el paso de los años. Además, se destacaron
otros elementos del clima como la temperatura y radiación para Costa Rica, a partir de
proyecciones futuras con escenarios de Trayectorias de Concentración
Representativas (RCP, por sus siglas en inglés).
Al finalizar la investigación, se plantearon acciones prácticas de mitigación ante
eventos extremos por el cambio climático, con la finalidad de generar conciencia crítica
junto con los actores comunitarios en temas de adaptación al cambio climático
This final graduation project was developed in the communities of La Lucha and Santa Rosa de Río Jiménez, both located in the canton of Guácimo, of the Limón province. The actors involved in the investigation were, specifically, small-scale agricultural producers who provide their farms as classrooms open to the student community of the Universidad Escuela de Agricultura de la Humid Tropical Region. These farmers, over the years, have been influenced by the climate variability, which is why the approach to the problem arose that will expose later. In addition to this, the interest in developing the study arose before the question of how these climatic variations have affected the levels socio-productive of the affected people and what is done before them. Due to the influences and consequences generated by the new weather patterns, It is important to formulate a proposal based on a systematization of how the socio-productive planning can help small producers to face, better, the new climate scenarios, this according to the variability climate present in the communities. The first step consisted in describing, through a socioeconomic diagnosis, the situations presented by the farms in La Lucha and Santa Rosa, the second was identify changes in climatic conditions that have affected the population of the Río Jiménez district, Guácimo, in the last ten years and the consequences associated, the third step was to establish the different adaptations to change climate conditions that have had to be applied to agriculture in the localities under study. Finally, the socio-productive planning alternatives of the Río Jiménez district and the evolution they have experienced over the course of the years. In relation to the above, the research methodological approach was selected as development of a case study, to try to solve the problem of investigation. Likewise, it was obtained as results that, both in La Lucha and in Santa Rosa de Río Jiménez, the population is dedicated as its main activity to agricultural work. In addition to this, farmers have presented difficulties, since it was observed that in the last ten years the climate has undergone drastic changes, consequently, identified the climatic variability present in the area. Despite this, the farmers have not been able to organize themselves in terms of the management of the productive systems in the farms. As a diagnosis, preferences in activities were identified crops present on farms and how climate variability affects them. On the other hand, by identifying changes in climatic conditions that affect the study area in the last ten years for the period 2005-2015, a fluctuation in rainfall over the years. In addition, they stood out other elements of the climate such as temperature and radiation for Costa Rica, from Future projections with Concentration Trajectories scenarios Representative (RCP). At the end of the investigation, practical mitigation actions were proposed against extreme events due to climate change, in order to generate critical awareness together with community actors on issues of adaptation to climate change
This final graduation project was developed in the communities of La Lucha and Santa Rosa de Río Jiménez, both located in the canton of Guácimo, of the Limón province. The actors involved in the investigation were, specifically, small-scale agricultural producers who provide their farms as classrooms open to the student community of the Universidad Escuela de Agricultura de la Humid Tropical Region. These farmers, over the years, have been influenced by the climate variability, which is why the approach to the problem arose that will expose later. In addition to this, the interest in developing the study arose before the question of how these climatic variations have affected the levels socio-productive of the affected people and what is done before them. Due to the influences and consequences generated by the new weather patterns, It is important to formulate a proposal based on a systematization of how the socio-productive planning can help small producers to face, better, the new climate scenarios, this according to the variability climate present in the communities. The first step consisted in describing, through a socioeconomic diagnosis, the situations presented by the farms in La Lucha and Santa Rosa, the second was identify changes in climatic conditions that have affected the population of the Río Jiménez district, Guácimo, in the last ten years and the consequences associated, the third step was to establish the different adaptations to change climate conditions that have had to be applied to agriculture in the localities under study. Finally, the socio-productive planning alternatives of the Río Jiménez district and the evolution they have experienced over the course of the years. In relation to the above, the research methodological approach was selected as development of a case study, to try to solve the problem of investigation. Likewise, it was obtained as results that, both in La Lucha and in Santa Rosa de Río Jiménez, the population is dedicated as its main activity to agricultural work. In addition to this, farmers have presented difficulties, since it was observed that in the last ten years the climate has undergone drastic changes, consequently, identified the climatic variability present in the area. Despite this, the farmers have not been able to organize themselves in terms of the management of the productive systems in the farms. As a diagnosis, preferences in activities were identified crops present on farms and how climate variability affects them. On the other hand, by identifying changes in climatic conditions that affect the study area in the last ten years for the period 2005-2015, a fluctuation in rainfall over the years. In addition, they stood out other elements of the climate such as temperature and radiation for Costa Rica, from Future projections with Concentration Trajectories scenarios Representative (RCP). At the end of the investigation, practical mitigation actions were proposed against extreme events due to climate change, in order to generate critical awareness together with community actors on issues of adaptation to climate change
Descripción
Palabras clave
LIMÓN (COSTA RICA), CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO, CLIMATE CHANGE, AGRICULTORES, FARMERS, PRODUCTORES, PRODUCERS, PLANIFICACIÓN, PLANNING