Characterization of sandy beaches of the Southern Caribbean of Costa Rica
Fecha
2021-07
Autores
Piedra Castro, Lilliana María
Castillo Chinchilla, Maikol
Morales Cerdas, Vanessa
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Editor
Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica
Resumen
Las zonas costeras son ambientes dinámicos que brindan múltiples servicios ecosistémicos. La influencia de factores naturales y antrópicos conducen cambios cada vez más drásticos, que generan impactos negativos en la diversidad biológica y las comunidades humanas. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar las playas del Caribe Sur (CS) de Costa Rica como línea base para la gestión marino-costera. Se trabajó en ocho playas del CS, se realizaron 47 transectos, en estos se obtuvo: ancho de la playa, ancho y alto del escarpe, tamaño medio de la partícula en la duna, especies y cobertura vegetal y altura de la vegetación. Puerto Viejo y Vizcaya presentaron el mayor ancho promedio y Manzanillo y Gandoca el menor; 25, 24% de los sitios mostraron indicios de erosión. El ancho del escarpe varió de 3,90 m hasta 43,70 m y el alto entre 15 cm y 70 cm. En 87.5% de las playas la arena de las dunas fue mediana y el restante fina. Se contabilizaron un total de 283 árboles o arbustos de 11 familias y 11 especies. La caracterización de las playas del CS permitió generar información base sobre el estado
de aspectos físicos y biológicos de estos ecosistemas, así como evidenciar que estas playas están expuestas a procesos erosivos. Es necesario establecer si estos se relacionan con la dinámica propia de las playas o a la sinergia de elementos como el aumento del nivel del mar, la expansión térmica y cambios en los patrones de corrientes producto del cambio climático o cambio global.
Coastal zones are highly dynamic environments that provide a range of ecosystem services. They are influenced by natural and anthropogenic factors, leading to increasingly drastic changes which have negative impacts on biological diversity and human communities. The present study characterizes the beaches of the Southern Caribbean of Costa Rica (SC-CR) to provide a baseline for marine-coastal management. Eight beaches of the SC-CR were studied, and 47 transects were defined in which the following information was obtained: beach width, scarp width and height, average particle size in dunes, plant species, and vegetation cover and height. Puerto Viejo and Vizcaya were determined to have the greatest average width, while Manzanillo and Gandoca had the smallest. In 25.24% of the sampled points there were signs of erosion. The width of the scarp varied from 3.90 m to 43.70 m and the height between 15 cm and 70 cm. The sand particles in 87.5% of the beaches were medium-sized. A total of 283 trees or shrubs from 11 families and 11 species were counted. In conclusion, the characterization of the SC-CR beaches allowed generating baseline information on the state of the physical and biological aspects of these ecosystems, as well as showing that these beaches are exposed to change. However, it is necessary to establish whether these are related to the dynamics of the beaches themselves or due to the interactions of elements such as sea level rise, thermal expansion and changes in current patterns due to climate change or global change.
Coastal zones are highly dynamic environments that provide a range of ecosystem services. They are influenced by natural and anthropogenic factors, leading to increasingly drastic changes which have negative impacts on biological diversity and human communities. The present study characterizes the beaches of the Southern Caribbean of Costa Rica (SC-CR) to provide a baseline for marine-coastal management. Eight beaches of the SC-CR were studied, and 47 transects were defined in which the following information was obtained: beach width, scarp width and height, average particle size in dunes, plant species, and vegetation cover and height. Puerto Viejo and Vizcaya were determined to have the greatest average width, while Manzanillo and Gandoca had the smallest. In 25.24% of the sampled points there were signs of erosion. The width of the scarp varied from 3.90 m to 43.70 m and the height between 15 cm and 70 cm. The sand particles in 87.5% of the beaches were medium-sized. A total of 283 trees or shrubs from 11 families and 11 species were counted. In conclusion, the characterization of the SC-CR beaches allowed generating baseline information on the state of the physical and biological aspects of these ecosystems, as well as showing that these beaches are exposed to change. However, it is necessary to establish whether these are related to the dynamics of the beaches themselves or due to the interactions of elements such as sea level rise, thermal expansion and changes in current patterns due to climate change or global change.
Descripción
Palabras clave
COSTAS, VEGETACIÓN, EROSIÓN, MORFOLOGÍA (ZOOLOGÍA), GESTIÓN AMBIENTAL, COAST, VEGETATION, MORPHOLOGY, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT