El financiamiento de la micro, pequeña y mediana empresa en la Región Brunca, el caso de los microempresarios del cantón de Corredores
Fecha
2011
Autores
Bonilla Castro, Oscar
Badilla Sánchez, Douglas
Hernández Zúñiga, Adriana
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
A través de la historia Costa Rica ha sido un país privilegiado comercialmente ya que por su ubicación geográfica, el sistema democrático que en el país impera, así como la excelente preparación académica que poseen la mayoría sus habitantes, han hecho que grandes empresas trasnacionales vuelvan su mirada hacia el y decidan desarrollar sus operaciones productivas aquí; esto a producido un desarrollo en el país principalmente en la Gran Área Metropolitana en donde existen grandes extensiones de terreno donde se ubican las grandes fabricas, a lo cual se les denomina parques industriales, beneficiando a los poblados y pobladores aledaños a estos complejos manufactureros. No obstante y como se verá en este estudio siguen siendo, y según la CCSS, las Micros Pequeñas y Medianas empresas las encargadas de generar el mayor número de empleos a nivel nacional siendo estas el motor verdadero del desarrollo económico del país. Principalmente en las zonas más recónditas como es el caso de la Región Brunca. Sin embargo y a pesar del gran aporte que este tipo de unidades productivas realiza para el desarrollo económico de la sociedad y el país en general, su problemática en cuanto a organización, planificación, mercadeo y financiamiento son constantes, lo que las hace muy vulnerables a las amenazas presentes en el entorno empresarial y poco competitivas. Aunado a lo anterior se suma, el gran desconocimiento que poseen los microempresarios de la existencia de programas de financiamiento especializados para este tipo de empresas, así como el poco interés del estado en hacer llegar estos recursos a quienes por ley les corresponde.
Es por ello que el presente trabajo de investigación surge de la necesidad de conocer cuál es la oferta de crédito, así como determinar si ésta es accesible al conglomerado de las Micro Pequeñas y Medianas del cantón de corredores. Los principales objetivos a desarrollar en el trascurso de este proyecto son; analizar la oferta de créditos disponibles para las MIPYMES, determinar la capacidad de las microempresas del cantón para ser sujetos de crédito, identificar la forma de financiamiento que utilizan estas, evaluar la percepción que tienen los microempresarios de contraer deudas con una entidad financiera y determinar el nivel de información que tienen los microempresarios sobre estos créditos especializados.
Throughout history Costa Rica has been a commercially privileged country because of its geographical location, the democratic system that prevails in the country, as well as the excellent academic preparation that most of its inhabitants have, have made large transnational companies turn their eyes towards it and decide to develop their productive operations here; This has produced a development in the country mainly in the Greater Metropolitan Area where there are large tracts of land where large factories are located, which are called industrial parks, benefiting the towns and people living near these manufacturing complexes. However, as will be seen in this study, according to the CCSS, the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises are still responsible for generating the largest number of jobs at the national level, being these the true engine of the country's economic development. Mainly in the most remote areas such as the Brunca Region. However, despite the great contribution that this type of productive units make to the economic development of society and the country in general, their problems in terms of organization, planning, marketing and financing are constant, which makes them very vulnerable to the threats present in the business environment and uncompetitive. In addition to the above, microentrepreneurs are largely unaware of the existence of specialized financing programs for this type of enterprise, as well as the state's lack of interest in making these resources available to those who are legally entitled to them. This is why the present research work arises from the need to know what the credit offer is, as well as to determine if it is accessible to the conglomerate of small and medium-sized microenterprises in the canton of Corredores. The main objectives to be developed in the course of this project are: to analyze the supply of credit available to MSMEs, determine the capacity of microenterprises in the canton to be subject to credit, identify the form of financing they use, evaluate the perception that microentrepreneurs have of contracting debts with a financial institution and determine the level of information that microentrepreneurs have about these specialized credits.
Throughout history Costa Rica has been a commercially privileged country because of its geographical location, the democratic system that prevails in the country, as well as the excellent academic preparation that most of its inhabitants have, have made large transnational companies turn their eyes towards it and decide to develop their productive operations here; This has produced a development in the country mainly in the Greater Metropolitan Area where there are large tracts of land where large factories are located, which are called industrial parks, benefiting the towns and people living near these manufacturing complexes. However, as will be seen in this study, according to the CCSS, the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises are still responsible for generating the largest number of jobs at the national level, being these the true engine of the country's economic development. Mainly in the most remote areas such as the Brunca Region. However, despite the great contribution that this type of productive units make to the economic development of society and the country in general, their problems in terms of organization, planning, marketing and financing are constant, which makes them very vulnerable to the threats present in the business environment and uncompetitive. In addition to the above, microentrepreneurs are largely unaware of the existence of specialized financing programs for this type of enterprise, as well as the state's lack of interest in making these resources available to those who are legally entitled to them. This is why the present research work arises from the need to know what the credit offer is, as well as to determine if it is accessible to the conglomerate of small and medium-sized microenterprises in the canton of Corredores. The main objectives to be developed in the course of this project are: to analyze the supply of credit available to MSMEs, determine the capacity of microenterprises in the canton to be subject to credit, identify the form of financing they use, evaluate the perception that microentrepreneurs have of contracting debts with a financial institution and determine the level of information that microentrepreneurs have about these specialized credits.
Descripción
Informe final de Seminario de Graduación, sometido a consideración del tribunal examinador como requisito parcial para optar por el grado académico de Licenciatura en Administración de Empresas con Énfasis en Gestión Financiera
Palabras clave
PYMES, CREDITO, PEQUEÑAS EMPRESAS, EMPRESAS, GESTION FINANCIERA, ADMINISTRACION FINANCIERA, CORREDORES (PUNTARENAS), SMES, CREDIT, SMALL BUSINESSES, COMPANIES, FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT