Aplicación de la microextracción en fase sólida y de la cromatografía de gases - Fid para la evaluación de la concentración del éter metil terc-butílico (MTBE) en agua de lluvia y subterránea
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Fecha
2009
Autores
Vega Guzmán, Ilena
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Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)
Resumen
Se implementó el análisis del éter metil terc-butílico (MTBE) en agua de lluvia y en agua subterránea, utilizando la microextracción en fase sólida por espacio de cabeza (SPME/HS). La determinación analítica se realizó empleando cromatografía de gases con un detector de ionización de llama (FID). Para la extracción del MTBE se utilizaron fibras de 65-pm, con una fase estacionaria de polidimetilsiloxano - djvinilbenceno (PDMS/DVB). En la etapa de extracción se optimizaron la temperatura, el tiempo de extracción y la fuerza iónica, utilizando una disolución de cloruro de sodio, mediante el diseño estadístico de variación en un solo factor. Se obtuvo la mayor extracción del MTBE a 26,00 ± 0,01 0C, 8,000 ± 0,005 min y a una concentración de cloruro de sodio de 300,0 ± 0,4 g/L. En la etapa de desorción se optimizaron la temperatura, el tiempo de desorción y la profundidad de inserción de la fibra en el inyector, obteniéndose la mayor desorción a 250 ± 10C, 2,000 ± 0,001 min y 3,8 ± o,lcm.
Se determinaron la linealidad, ja reproducibilidad, la repetibilidad, la precisión, el límite de detección (0,3 pg/L) y el límite de cuantificación (0,6 pg/L) del método de análisis. El coeficiente de correlación fue de 0,9991, el porcentaje de recuperación de 100 ± 1 % y el porcentaje del desvío relativo fue de 5,3 ± 0,1 0/0. Además, se verificó la linealidad y homocesdasticidad, en un ámbito de O a 160 ± 0,3 pg/L MTBE, del método con las pruebas estadísticas y Cochran, con la cual se demostró que el método de análisis es válido desde el punto de vista analítico.
El método de análisis se aplicó a muestras de agua de lluvia recolectadas durante siete días en Pavas, San José y a aguas subterráneas del pozo AB-1089, ubicado en Barreal de Heredia. Las concentraciones promedias del MTBE, durante el muestreo de agua de lluvia en Pavas, se encontraron por debajo del límite de cuantificación del método (0,6 ug/L MTBE). En el caso de las aguas subterráneas, las concentraciones promedio de MTBE en el piezómetro 1, del pozo AB- 1089, fue de 3,7 ± 0,3 pg/L MTBE, el cual no sobrepasó la normativa establecida para aguas subterráneas por la UE (10 pg/L MTBE) y la EPA (40 pg/L MTBE). Las concentraciones oscilaron entre 0,6 y 9,4 ± 0,3 pg/L MTBE. El valor máximo encontrado estuvo muy cerca del límite establecido por la Unión Europea, aunque el promedio de 3,7 ± 0,3 pg/L MTBE está 2,7 veces debajo de la norma.
Analysis of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) in rainwater and groundwater was implemented using headspace solid phase microextraction (SPME/HS). The analytical determination was made using gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector (FID). For the extraction of MTBE, 65-pm fibers were used, with a stationary phase of polydimethylsiloxane-djvinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB). In the extraction stage, the temperature, extraction time and ionic strength were optimized, using a sodium chloride solution, through the statistical design of variation in a single factor. The highest MTBE extraction was obtained at 26.00 ± 0.01 0C, 8,000 ± 0.005 min and a sodium chloride concentration of 300.0 ± 0.4 g/L. In the desorption stage, the temperature, desorption time and depth of fiber insertion in the injector were optimized, obtaining the highest desorption at 250 ± 10C, 2,000 ± 0.001 min and 3.8 ± 0.1cm. The linearity, ja reproducibility, repeatability, precision, limit of detection (0.3 pg/L) and limit of quantification (0.6 pg/L) of the test method were determined. The correlation coefficient was 0.9991, the recovery percentage 100 ± 1%, and the relative deviation percentage was 5.3 ± 0.1 0/0. In addition, the linearity and homocesdasticity were verified, in a range of 0 to 160 ± 0.3 pg/L MTBE, of the method with the statistical and Cochran tests, with which it was demonstrated that the analysis method is valid from the point of view of analytical view. The analysis method was applied to rainwater samples collected during seven days in Pavas, San José and to groundwater from the AB-1089 well, located in Barreal de Heredia. The average concentrations of MTBE, during the sampling of rainwater in Pavas, were below the quantification limit of the method (0.6 ug/L MTBE). In the case of groundwater, the average concentration of MTBE in piezometer 1 of well AB-1089 was 3.7 ± 0.3 pg/L MTBE, which did not exceed the regulations established for groundwater by the EU (10 pg/L MTBE) and EPA (40 pg/L MTBE). Concentrations ranged from 0.6 to 9.4 ± 0.3 pg/L MTBE. The maximum value found was very close to the limit established by the European Union, although the average of 3.7 ± 0.3 pg/L MTBE is 2.7 times below the norm.
Analysis of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) in rainwater and groundwater was implemented using headspace solid phase microextraction (SPME/HS). The analytical determination was made using gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector (FID). For the extraction of MTBE, 65-pm fibers were used, with a stationary phase of polydimethylsiloxane-djvinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB). In the extraction stage, the temperature, extraction time and ionic strength were optimized, using a sodium chloride solution, through the statistical design of variation in a single factor. The highest MTBE extraction was obtained at 26.00 ± 0.01 0C, 8,000 ± 0.005 min and a sodium chloride concentration of 300.0 ± 0.4 g/L. In the desorption stage, the temperature, desorption time and depth of fiber insertion in the injector were optimized, obtaining the highest desorption at 250 ± 10C, 2,000 ± 0.001 min and 3.8 ± 0.1cm. The linearity, ja reproducibility, repeatability, precision, limit of detection (0.3 pg/L) and limit of quantification (0.6 pg/L) of the test method were determined. The correlation coefficient was 0.9991, the recovery percentage 100 ± 1%, and the relative deviation percentage was 5.3 ± 0.1 0/0. In addition, the linearity and homocesdasticity were verified, in a range of 0 to 160 ± 0.3 pg/L MTBE, of the method with the statistical and Cochran tests, with which it was demonstrated that the analysis method is valid from the point of view of analytical view. The analysis method was applied to rainwater samples collected during seven days in Pavas, San José and to groundwater from the AB-1089 well, located in Barreal de Heredia. The average concentrations of MTBE, during the sampling of rainwater in Pavas, were below the quantification limit of the method (0.6 ug/L MTBE). In the case of groundwater, the average concentration of MTBE in piezometer 1 of well AB-1089 was 3.7 ± 0.3 pg/L MTBE, which did not exceed the regulations established for groundwater by the EU (10 pg/L MTBE) and EPA (40 pg/L MTBE). Concentrations ranged from 0.6 to 9.4 ± 0.3 pg/L MTBE. The maximum value found was very close to the limit established by the European Union, although the average of 3.7 ± 0.3 pg/L MTBE is 2.7 times below the norm.
Descripción
Vega Guzmán, I. (2009). Aplicación de la microextracción en fase sólida y de la cromatografía de gases - Fid para la evaluación de la concentración del éter metil terc-butílico (MTBE) en agua de lluvia y subterránea. [Tesis de Licenciatura]. Universidad Nacional, Heredia, C.R.
Palabras clave
AGUA, WATER, AGUAS SUBTERRANEAS, MUESTREO, SAMPLING, CROMATOGRAFIA DE GASES, LLUVIA