Caracterización de la respuesta de las comunidades locales a la infl uencia directa de la variabilidad climática en el Caribe Sur de Costa Rica
Fecha
2019
Autores
Piedra Castro, Lilliana María
Hernández-Zanuy, Aida Caridad
Sierra Sierra, Luis Manuel
Pereira Chaves, Jose Miguel
Castillo Chinchilla, Maikol
Morales Cerdas, Vanessa
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Editor
Universidad Estatal a Distancia
Resumen
La variabilidad climática provoca impactos sobre los ecosistemas marino-costeros, además de la afectación de los recursos naturales, paisajes y las comunidades costeras vinculadas. Tales comunidades pueden adaptarse a estos cambios o convertirse en migrantes climáticos. Este estudio tuvo como propósito evaluar los mecanismos de adaptación de las comunidades costeras del Caribe Sur (CS) de Costa Rica en relación con los impactos de la variabilidad climática sobre los ecosistemas marinos y costeros para la reducción de su vulnerabilidad. Se realizó revisión documental, se aplicaron técnicas de observación no participante y encuestas a pobladores locales. Se realizaron 65 encuestas en las localidades de Gandoca, Manzanillo, Cahuita, Puerto Viejo, del cantón de Talamanca y Limón del
cantón de Limón. Entre los principales resultados destacan las actividades económicas registradas, que fueron agricultura de subsistencia, pesca, turismo, comercio y recolección de cocos. Las artes de pesca identificadas fueron buceo a pulmón, caña de pescar, nasas, líneas de palangre y trasmallo. Se identificó que los locales perciben la influencia de la variabilidad climática; por ejemplo, el aumento del nivel del mar debido a que ha afectado la infraestructura (casas, carreteras, puentes) y el aumento de la temperatura atmosférica porque ha impactado la distribución de las especies de peces. Las comunidades locales no cuentan con un plan de acción gubernamental; pero se han adaptado a las nuevas condiciones, implementado acciones como: diversificación del voluntariado, traslado de infraestructura, agricultura orgánica, pesca como actividad económica complementaria y reforestación de la línea costera. Estas comunidades se han adaptado a los cambios presentados por la variabilidad climática, aunque sin planificación, por lo que es necesaria la atención urgente de las autoridades para definir acciones en el futuro.
The climatic variability causes impacts on the marine-coastal ecosystems, implies the aff ectation of the natural resources, landscapes and the coastal communities linked. These communities can adapt to these changes or become climatic migrants. This study aimed to evaluate the adaptation mechanisms of the coastal communities of the Southern Caribbean (SC) of Coast to the impacts of climatic variability on the marine and coastal ecosystems for the reduction of their vulnerability. A literature review was carried out, non-participant observation techniques and surveys of local people were applied. 65 surveys were conducted in five communities. The main economic activities were subsistence agriculture, fi shing, tourism, commerce and collection of coconuts. The fishing gear used is scuba diving, fishing rod, pots, longline and trammel lines. The infl uence of climate variability was identifi ed; For example, the rise in sea level has affected infrastructure (houses, roads, bridges) and the increase in atmospheric temperature has impacted the distribution of fi sh species. Local communities do not have a government action plan, but have adapted to the new conditions, implementing actions such as: diversification of volunteering, transfer of infrastructure, organic agriculture, fi shing as a complementary economic activity and reforestation of the coastline. These communities have adapted to the changes presented by climate variability, but without planning, so urgent att ention is needed from the authorities to defi ne future actions.
The climatic variability causes impacts on the marine-coastal ecosystems, implies the aff ectation of the natural resources, landscapes and the coastal communities linked. These communities can adapt to these changes or become climatic migrants. This study aimed to evaluate the adaptation mechanisms of the coastal communities of the Southern Caribbean (SC) of Coast to the impacts of climatic variability on the marine and coastal ecosystems for the reduction of their vulnerability. A literature review was carried out, non-participant observation techniques and surveys of local people were applied. 65 surveys were conducted in five communities. The main economic activities were subsistence agriculture, fi shing, tourism, commerce and collection of coconuts. The fishing gear used is scuba diving, fishing rod, pots, longline and trammel lines. The infl uence of climate variability was identifi ed; For example, the rise in sea level has affected infrastructure (houses, roads, bridges) and the increase in atmospheric temperature has impacted the distribution of fi sh species. Local communities do not have a government action plan, but have adapted to the new conditions, implementing actions such as: diversification of volunteering, transfer of infrastructure, organic agriculture, fi shing as a complementary economic activity and reforestation of the coastline. These communities have adapted to the changes presented by climate variability, but without planning, so urgent att ention is needed from the authorities to defi ne future actions.
Descripción
Palabras clave
CARIBE, COSTA RICA, COMUNIDADES, VARIABILIDAD CLIMÁTICA, ADAPTACIÓN (BIOLOGÍA), COMMUNITIES, ADAPTATION, CLIMATE CHANGE