Distribución espacial y estructura de las comunidades de pastos marinos en el Parque Nacional Cahuita, Limón, Costa Rica
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Fecha
2022
Autores
Álvarez Sánchez, Lilliana María
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Editor
Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)
Resumen
Este estudio consistió en analizar el estado actual de las comunidades de pastos marinos en el
Parque Nacional Cahuita (PNC), Limón, Costa Rica, para el planteamiento de pautas de
conservación. Se realizaron los muestreos en los meses de septiembre del 2020 y abril del 2021, se
escogieron tres sitios ubicados en Punta Vargas, Punta Cahuita y el otro en el medio de ambos, con
tres transectos a diferentes profundidades separados entre sí por 25 metros. En cada uno, se
muestreó 11 parcelas, separadas entre ellas por 5 m. Se utilizaron marcos de 50 x 50 cm para medir
la cobertura, con el fin de determinar la diferencia entre la cobertura de los sitios muestreados y
fechas de muestreo. Se encontraron dos especies de pastos marinos, Thalassia testudinum y
Siryngodium filiforme, este último ausente en Punta Cahuita. La mayor cobertura se presentó en
Punta Vargas, seguido de Punta Cahuita y, por último, en el sitio medio y se observaron diferencias
significativas. Además, se midió la salinidad, temperatura y el oxígeno disuelto, para determinar
diferencias entre años y entre los tres sitios de muestreos. Los valores más altos de temperatura y
oxígeno disuelto se presentaron en el 2020, además, las tres variables presentaron diferencias
significativas (p-valor>0,005). Asimismo, se colectaron los organismos asociados con los sebadales
y se colectaron hojas de pastos marinos para colectar los epibiontes para conocer la diversidad del
ecosistema, y se encontró los grupos taxonómicos con mayor cantidad de especies fueron las
macroalgas, microalgas y los crustáceos. También, se aplicaron 75 encuestas a los pobladores de
Cahuita para conocer la percepción de los actores clave sobre los pastos marinos, y un taller para
complementar la información que tiene la comunidad y hacer recomendaciones de manejo. Los
actores clave de la comunidad de Cahuita presentaron conocimiento sobre la importancia que tienen
las fanerógamas marinas, en cuanto a la economía de la comunidad y la importancia ambiental, por
lo que les es de suma importancia tomar medidas para su conservación.
This investigation consisted of the analysis of the current state of conservation of seagrass communities in the Cahuita National Park (PNC), Limón, Costa Rica for the proposal of conservation guidelines. The sampling rounds were carried out in the months of September 2020 and April 2021, three sites located in Punta Vargas, Punta Cahuita and a one more in the middle of both were chosen, with three transects at different depths separated by 25 meters. In each of them, 11 plots were sampled, separated from each other by 5 m. Frames of 50 by 50 cm were used to measure coverage; normality (Shapiro-Wilk) and homoscedasticity (Levence) analyses were performed on the coverage, plus Kruskall-Wallis and Mann-Whitney non-parametric analyses to determine the difference between the coverage of the sampled sites and sampling dates. Two species of seagrass were found, Thalassia testudinum and Siryngodium filiforme, the latter was not found in Punta Cahuita, the highest coverage was found in Punta Vargas, followed by Punta Cahuita and finally in the middle site. Significant differences were observed. In addition, salinity, temperature and dissolved oxygen were taken with the HANNA HI 98194 multiparameter, and Kruskall-Wallis analyses were carried out for the two years and the three sampling sites with the XRealStats plugin for Excel 2016, the higher temperatures and dissolved oxygen value occurred in 2020, in addition, the three variables presented significant differences (p-value> 0.005). Likewise, the animal and plant species associated with the sebadales were collected and seagrass leaves were collected to obtain the epibiont species to know the diversity of the ecosystem, diversity indexes and Olmstead and Turkey diagrams were obtained, the taxonomic groups with the greatest amount of species were macroalgae, microalgae and crustaceans. Also, 75 surveys were applied to the inhabitants of Cahuita to find out the perception of the key actors and a workshop to complement the information that the community has in order to provide management recommendations. The key actors of the Cahuita community showed knowledge about the importance of seagrasses in terms of the community's economy and environmental importance, so it is extremely important for them to take measures for their conservation.
This investigation consisted of the analysis of the current state of conservation of seagrass communities in the Cahuita National Park (PNC), Limón, Costa Rica for the proposal of conservation guidelines. The sampling rounds were carried out in the months of September 2020 and April 2021, three sites located in Punta Vargas, Punta Cahuita and a one more in the middle of both were chosen, with three transects at different depths separated by 25 meters. In each of them, 11 plots were sampled, separated from each other by 5 m. Frames of 50 by 50 cm were used to measure coverage; normality (Shapiro-Wilk) and homoscedasticity (Levence) analyses were performed on the coverage, plus Kruskall-Wallis and Mann-Whitney non-parametric analyses to determine the difference between the coverage of the sampled sites and sampling dates. Two species of seagrass were found, Thalassia testudinum and Siryngodium filiforme, the latter was not found in Punta Cahuita, the highest coverage was found in Punta Vargas, followed by Punta Cahuita and finally in the middle site. Significant differences were observed. In addition, salinity, temperature and dissolved oxygen were taken with the HANNA HI 98194 multiparameter, and Kruskall-Wallis analyses were carried out for the two years and the three sampling sites with the XRealStats plugin for Excel 2016, the higher temperatures and dissolved oxygen value occurred in 2020, in addition, the three variables presented significant differences (p-value> 0.005). Likewise, the animal and plant species associated with the sebadales were collected and seagrass leaves were collected to obtain the epibiont species to know the diversity of the ecosystem, diversity indexes and Olmstead and Turkey diagrams were obtained, the taxonomic groups with the greatest amount of species were macroalgae, microalgae and crustaceans. Also, 75 surveys were applied to the inhabitants of Cahuita to find out the perception of the key actors and a workshop to complement the information that the community has in order to provide management recommendations. The key actors of the Cahuita community showed knowledge about the importance of seagrasses in terms of the community's economy and environmental importance, so it is extremely important for them to take measures for their conservation.
Descripción
Álvarez Sánchez, L.M. (2022). Distribución espacial y estructura de las comunidades de pastos marinos en el Parque Nacional Cahuita, Limón, Costa Rica. [Tesis de Maestría]. Universidad Nacional, Heredia, C.R.
Palabras clave
PASTOS, BIOLOGÍA MARINA, CONSERVACIÓN, PARQUE NACIONAL CAHUITA (COSTA RICA), LIMÓN (COSTA RICA), PASTURES, CONSERVATION