Ruptura de relaciones Egipto - Costa Rica, análisis de los factores interactuantes e influyentes en la toma de decisiones de política exterior costarricense en la administración Monge Álvarez, perspectivas y consecuencias
Fecha
2023
Autores
Zamora Zumbado, Denia
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Este trabajo de investigación se orientó a analizar los factores que influenciaron la
toma de decisiones de la política exterior de la administración de Luis Alberto Monge
Álvarez y su impacto en la ruptura diplomática con Egipto. A partir de la revisión de un
hecho histórico, se recuperó información con testigos de la época, así como de documentos
oficiales. Además de dar tratamiento a información histórica y discursiva se analizó el
contexto de la dinámica diplomática y la perspectiva de poder de los líderes.
El objeto de estudio se focalizó en una toma de decisiones de política exterior
costarricense. El análisis, interpretación y explicación de ese acto político implicó, en el
proceso, utiliza la perspectiva de expertos como son exministros de Relaciones Exteriores de
Costa Rica y otros actores testigos del acontecimiento, lo cual rescata el hecho histórico para
su estudio.
La aplicación del Modelo de Análisis de los Tres Niveles, desde la teoría de las
Relaciones Internacionales, fortalece el abordaje integral del caso. Además, como aporte
académico se robusteció la herramienta utilizando estrategias analíticas de la psicología
política, en la convergencia transdisciplinar. Al ser un trabajo cualitativo, en los hallazgos de
información, las categorías de análisis fueron marcando la necesidad de apoyo con el enfoque
del constructivismo social para brindar las explicaciones teóricas resultantes.
El modelo de análisis permitió identificar factores del nivel internacional de gran
influencia en la política exterior como son el entorno geo político-económico, y la visión
panárabe desde la contraparte; en el nivel estatal pulsaba la necesidad de ablandar la presión
económica, a nivel interno se tenía: la acción de la paradiplomacia, la flaqueza de un equipo técnico de apoyo en la toma de decisiones, así como el factor de la mayoría parlamentaria
partidaria del gobierno; además, en el último nivel de análisis se encontró crucial el factor
personal de los líderes y la presencia de procesos cognitivos fallidos en la toma de decisiones
y sus resultantes.
This research work was aimed at analyzing the factors that influenced the decisionmaking of the foreign policy of the administration of Luis Alberto Monge Álvarez and its impact on the diplomatic rupture with Egypt. From the review of a historical fact, information was recovered with witnesses of the time, as well as official documents. In addition to treating historical and discursive information, the context of diplomatic dynamics and the perspective of power of leaders was analyzed. The object of study focused on Costa Rican foreign policy decision-making. The analysis, interpretation, and explanation of this political act implied, in the process, using the perspective of experts such as former Ministers of Foreign Affairs of Costa Rica and other actors who witnessed the event, which rescues the historical fact for study. The application of the Three Level Analysis Model, from the theory of International Relations, strengthens the comprehensive approach to the case. In addition, as an academic contribution, the tool was strengthened using analytical strategies of political psychology, in the transdisciplinary convergence. Being a qualitative work, in the information findings, the categories of analysis were marking the need for support with the approach of social constructivism to provide the resulting theoretical explanations.The analysis model allowed to identify factors of the international level of great influence in foreign policy such as the geo-political-economic environment, and the panArab vision from the counterpart; At the state level, there was the need to soften economic pressure, the action of paradiplomacy, the weakness of a technical team to support decisionmaking, as well as the factor of the parliamentary majority in favor of the government; In addition, in the last level of analysis, the personal factor of the leaders and the presence of failed cognitive processes in decision-making and their results were found crucial.
This research work was aimed at analyzing the factors that influenced the decisionmaking of the foreign policy of the administration of Luis Alberto Monge Álvarez and its impact on the diplomatic rupture with Egypt. From the review of a historical fact, information was recovered with witnesses of the time, as well as official documents. In addition to treating historical and discursive information, the context of diplomatic dynamics and the perspective of power of leaders was analyzed. The object of study focused on Costa Rican foreign policy decision-making. The analysis, interpretation, and explanation of this political act implied, in the process, using the perspective of experts such as former Ministers of Foreign Affairs of Costa Rica and other actors who witnessed the event, which rescues the historical fact for study. The application of the Three Level Analysis Model, from the theory of International Relations, strengthens the comprehensive approach to the case. In addition, as an academic contribution, the tool was strengthened using analytical strategies of political psychology, in the transdisciplinary convergence. Being a qualitative work, in the information findings, the categories of analysis were marking the need for support with the approach of social constructivism to provide the resulting theoretical explanations.The analysis model allowed to identify factors of the international level of great influence in foreign policy such as the geo-political-economic environment, and the panArab vision from the counterpart; At the state level, there was the need to soften economic pressure, the action of paradiplomacy, the weakness of a technical team to support decisionmaking, as well as the factor of the parliamentary majority in favor of the government; In addition, in the last level of analysis, the personal factor of the leaders and the presence of failed cognitive processes in decision-making and their results were found crucial.
Descripción
Palabras clave
COSTA RICA, DIPLOMACIA, EGIPTO, POLÍTICA EXTERIOR, RELACIONES INTERNACIONALES, COSTA RICA, DIPLOMACY, EGYPT, FOREIGN POLICY, INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS