Selección cualitativa del esqueje en la sobrevivencia y desarrollo morfogenético de Vanilla planifolia Andrews
Fecha
2018
Autores
Azofeifa-Bolaños, José Bernal
Rivera-Coto, German
Paniagua-Vásquez, Amelia
Cordero Solórzano, Roberto A.
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Editor
Universidad de Costa Rica (Costa Rica)
Resumen
En Costa Rica, es necesario un programa nacional de conservación ex situ para Vanilla planifolia por su rareza, peligro de extinción en condiciones silvestres y por la importancia económica que la ubica como la orquídea más rentable del mundo. Ante la falta de investigación sobre la conservación de especies silvestres y la importancia de evaluar el desempeño agronómico de dichos materiales, como estrategia para incrementar la reducida base genética de los cultivos, el objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la capacidad de aclimatización y el desempeño morfogenético de esquejes procedentes de individuos de una población silvestre de V. planifolia en condición de invernadero. Se evaluaron dos tratamientos: 1) esquejes seleccionados de forma cualitativa de acuerdo con su calidad fitosanitaria, daño mecánico y vigorosidad, y 2) esquejes sin selección. Las variables que se evaluaron fueron: porcentaje de sobrevivencia, peso, longitud, número de nudos del brote nuevo y del explante original, número y peso de las raíces. La sobrevivencia de los seleccionados fue mayor (60%) respecto a los que no lo fueron (45%). Las respuestas morfogenéticas de los esquejes seleccionados fueron estadísticamente significativas para todas las variables evaluadas. Es la primera vez que se informa de un proceso de aclimatización y desempeño morfogenético en invernadero para individuos con un genotipo conocido de V. planifolia en Costa Rica. Por lo cual, es el primer intento para conservar ex situ la especie como parte de un programa integral que busca la conservación in situ de forma sistemática y sustentable, así como, los primeros valores de la vigorosidad para algunas variables de crecimiento, fuera de condiciones naturales.
In Costa Rica, an urgent ex situ national conservation program for V. planifolia is needed due to the rarity, high risk of extinction in the wild and the economic importance; that places it, as the most profitable orchid worldwide. Due to the lack of research about wild species conservation and the importance to evaluate the agronomic performance of the wild-type relatives, as a strategy to increase the reduced genetic variability, the aim of this research was to evaluate the acclimatization capacity and morphogenetic performance of wild V. planifolia under nursery conditions. The effect of two treatments 1) qualitatively selected cuttings according to their phytosanitary quality, mechanical damage and vigorousness and 2) cuttings without selection, were evaluated. Some growth variables were evaluated: survival rate, weight, length, number of nodes of the new and original shoot; number and weight of the roots The survival of the selected cuttings was greater (60%) than those that were not (45%). The morphogenetic responses of the selected explants were statistically significant for all variables evaluated. This is the first time that an initial process of acclimatization and morphogenetic performance with a known genotype individual of V. planifolia, is reported under greenhouse condition, in Costa Rica. Therefore, it is the first attempt to the ex situ conservation of the species as a part of an integrated program focus on the in situ conservation in a systematic and sustainable way, as well as, the first values of the vigorousness to some growth variables out of natural conditions.
In Costa Rica, an urgent ex situ national conservation program for V. planifolia is needed due to the rarity, high risk of extinction in the wild and the economic importance; that places it, as the most profitable orchid worldwide. Due to the lack of research about wild species conservation and the importance to evaluate the agronomic performance of the wild-type relatives, as a strategy to increase the reduced genetic variability, the aim of this research was to evaluate the acclimatization capacity and morphogenetic performance of wild V. planifolia under nursery conditions. The effect of two treatments 1) qualitatively selected cuttings according to their phytosanitary quality, mechanical damage and vigorousness and 2) cuttings without selection, were evaluated. Some growth variables were evaluated: survival rate, weight, length, number of nodes of the new and original shoot; number and weight of the roots The survival of the selected cuttings was greater (60%) than those that were not (45%). The morphogenetic responses of the selected explants were statistically significant for all variables evaluated. This is the first time that an initial process of acclimatization and morphogenetic performance with a known genotype individual of V. planifolia, is reported under greenhouse condition, in Costa Rica. Therefore, it is the first attempt to the ex situ conservation of the species as a part of an integrated program focus on the in situ conservation in a systematic and sustainable way, as well as, the first values of the vigorousness to some growth variables out of natural conditions.
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Palabras clave
VAINILLA, ESPECIES SILVESTRES, POTENCIAL AGRONÓMICO, COSTA RICA, WILD SPECIES, AGRONOMIC POTENTIAL