Diseño de un prototipo de laboratorio portátil para la realización de prácticas experimentales en el área de cinemática de la asignatura de Física
Fecha
2023
Autores
Espinoza Araya, Christopher
Jiménez Chávez, Judith
Leandro Fuente, Andrea
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ISSN de la revista
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Editor
Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)
Resumen
La presente investigación consistió en el diseño de un prototipo de laboratorio portátil para la enseñanza experimental de la cinemática en la asignatura de física. Con la finalidad de lograr este objetivo dicho estudio se orientó dentro de un paradigma naturalista, con un enfoque cualitativo dominante y un abordaje fenomenológico. Primeramente, se identificaron las dificultades que tienen los docentes de física para realizar prácticas experimentales en el quehacer docente de los centros educativos del circuito 07 de la regional de Heredia con modalidad diurna académica. Mediante una entrevista dirigida a educadores y directores, se identificó dificultades relacionadas a aspectos de formación docente, recursos del profesor y los recursos institucionales; destacando la falta de capacitaciones continuas y específicas del área de interés, escasos recursos propios, pocas lecciones para realizar experimentación, así como ausencia de
laboratorios y materiales didácticos insuficientes en la institución. En torno a estos hallazgos se elaboró un prototipo de laboratorio portátil con un software de Arduino incorporado, así como su manual de uso para realizar prácticas experimentales. El laboratorio se caracteriza por tener materiales de bajo costo y fácil acceso, de ensamblaje sencillo y fácil manejo, además de ser portable; mientras que el manual sigue una metodología indagatoria basada en los planeamientos del MEP, motivando a retomar la actividad
experimental en las aulas. Finalmente se validó de forma positiva la implementación del manual de prácticas experimentales junto al funcionamiento del laboratorio portátil, mediante un juicio de expertos
y un grupo focal integrado por docentes del área de enseñanza de las ciencias; ambos recursos
demostraron tener pertinencia y funcionar de forma integral, permitiendo el desarrollo de un a aprendizaje activo que potencia habilidades científicas en la población estudiantil. Se concluyó que mediante esta propuesta sí es posible mitigar parte importante de las dificultades encontradas.
The present research consisted in the design of a prototype of a portable laboratory for the experimental teaching of kinematics in the subject of physics. In order to achieve this objective, this study was oriented within a naturalistic paradigm, with a dominant qualitative approach and a phenomenological approach. First, the difficulties that physics teachers have in carrying out experimental practices in the teaching work of the educational centers of circuit 07 of the Heredia region with academic daytime modality were identified. Through an interview with educators and directors, difficulties related to aspects of teacher training, teacher resources and institutional resources were identified, highlighting the lack of continuous and specific training in the area of interest, scarce resources, few lessons for experimentation, as well as the absence of laboratories and insufficient didactic materials in the institution. Based on these findings, a prototype of a portable laboratory with built-in Arduino software was developed, as well as a user manual for experimental practices. The laboratory is characterized by having low-cost and easily accessible materials, simple assembly and easy handling, in addition to being portable; while the manual follows an inquiry methodology based on the MEP planning, motivating to resume the experimental activity in the classroom. Finally, the implementation of the experimental practices manual together with the operation of the portable laboratory was positively validated by means of an expert judgment and a focus group integrated by teachers in the area of science education; both resources proved to be pertinent and to work in an integral way, allowing the development of active learning that enhances scientific skills in the student population. It was concluded that through this proposal it is possible to mitigate an important part of the difficulties encountered.
The present research consisted in the design of a prototype of a portable laboratory for the experimental teaching of kinematics in the subject of physics. In order to achieve this objective, this study was oriented within a naturalistic paradigm, with a dominant qualitative approach and a phenomenological approach. First, the difficulties that physics teachers have in carrying out experimental practices in the teaching work of the educational centers of circuit 07 of the Heredia region with academic daytime modality were identified. Through an interview with educators and directors, difficulties related to aspects of teacher training, teacher resources and institutional resources were identified, highlighting the lack of continuous and specific training in the area of interest, scarce resources, few lessons for experimentation, as well as the absence of laboratories and insufficient didactic materials in the institution. Based on these findings, a prototype of a portable laboratory with built-in Arduino software was developed, as well as a user manual for experimental practices. The laboratory is characterized by having low-cost and easily accessible materials, simple assembly and easy handling, in addition to being portable; while the manual follows an inquiry methodology based on the MEP planning, motivating to resume the experimental activity in the classroom. Finally, the implementation of the experimental practices manual together with the operation of the portable laboratory was positively validated by means of an expert judgment and a focus group integrated by teachers in the area of science education; both resources proved to be pertinent and to work in an integral way, allowing the development of active learning that enhances scientific skills in the student population. It was concluded that through this proposal it is possible to mitigate an important part of the difficulties encountered.
Descripción
Espinoza Araya, C.; Jiménez Chávez, J. & Leandro Fuentes, A. (2023). Diseño de un prototipo de laboratorio portátil para la realización de prácticas experimentales en el área de cinemática de la asignatura de Física. [Tesis de Licenciatura]. Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica.
Palabras clave
ENSEÑANZA DE LAS CIENCIAS, EDUCACION SECUNDARIA, CINÉMATICA, FÍSICA, HEREDIA (COSTA RICA), APRENDIZAJE, MÉTODOS DE ENSEÑANZA, TECNOLOGÍAS APROPIADAS, SECONDARY EDUCATION, CINEMATICS, PHYSICS