Evaluación de la contaminación por el ruido originado en la ruta nacional 32 sobre la acústica ambiental del Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo
Fecha
2022-02
Autores
Campos Morales, Sherryl Viviana
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
El ruido de origen antropogénico como estresor ambiental ha ganado interés en
el campo de la ecología, debido a sus impactos sobre la vida silvestre. El objetivo de
esta investigación en particular fue evaluar la contaminación por el ruido del tráfico rodado emitido
por la Ruta Nacional 32 sobre la acústica ambiental del Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo, y
desarrollar una simulación acústica considerando los cambios en el flujo vehicular producidos por
el proyecto de infraestructura vial para la ampliación de la carretera nacional aledaña al parque.
Se caracterizaron los niveles de ruido ambiental en dos sitios: El Ceibo, sitio
blanco y Quebrada González, sitio atravesado por la carretera; además, se determinó el flujo
vehicular entre semana y fines de semana. Así mismo, se elaboró un mapa acústico del ruido
medido, y otro del ruido proyectado tras la ampliación. Quebrada González resultó
tener niveles de ruido superiores en relación con el sitio blanco, alcanzando una diferencia
promedio de 10.2 dBA. El flujo vehicular está principalmente compuesto por vehículos livianos,
sin embargo, la cantidad de vehículos pesados fue más constante independientemente del periodo
de la semana. En general, los resultados indican que la presencia del ruido por
tráfico rodado es un contaminante de la acústica natural del área silvestre protegida objeto de
estudio. Situación que refleja el deterioro de la calidad y la fragmentación del hábitat desde una
perspectiva de paisaje sonoro, cuyas afectaciones pueden abarcar cambios a nivel fisiológico,
reproductivo, etológico y ecológico en las especies silvestres.
Noise of anthropogenic origin as an environmental stressor has gained interest in the field of ecology, due to its impacts on wildlife. The objective of this particular research was to evaluate noise pollution from vehicular traffic emitted by National Route 32 on the environmental acoustics of Braulio Carrillo National Park, and to develop an acoustic simulation considering the changes in vehicular flow produced by the road infrastructure project for the widening of the national highway adjacent to the park. Environmental noise levels were characterized at two sites: El Ceibo, the target site, and Quebrada González, the site crossed by the highway; in addition, the vehicular flow on weekdays and weekends was determined. In addition, an acoustic map of the measured noise and another of the projected noise after the expansion was prepared. Quebrada González resulted in higher noise levels compared to the target site, reaching an average difference of 10.2 dBA. The vehicular flow is mainly composed of light vehicles, however, the number of heavy vehicles was more constant regardless of the period of the week. In general, the results indicate that the presence of noise from vehicular traffic is a pollutant of the natural acoustics of the protected wildlife area under study. This situation reflects the deterioration of habitat quality and fragmentation from a soundscape perspective, whose effects may include physiological, reproductive, ethological and ecological changes in wild species.
Noise of anthropogenic origin as an environmental stressor has gained interest in the field of ecology, due to its impacts on wildlife. The objective of this particular research was to evaluate noise pollution from vehicular traffic emitted by National Route 32 on the environmental acoustics of Braulio Carrillo National Park, and to develop an acoustic simulation considering the changes in vehicular flow produced by the road infrastructure project for the widening of the national highway adjacent to the park. Environmental noise levels were characterized at two sites: El Ceibo, the target site, and Quebrada González, the site crossed by the highway; in addition, the vehicular flow on weekdays and weekends was determined. In addition, an acoustic map of the measured noise and another of the projected noise after the expansion was prepared. Quebrada González resulted in higher noise levels compared to the target site, reaching an average difference of 10.2 dBA. The vehicular flow is mainly composed of light vehicles, however, the number of heavy vehicles was more constant regardless of the period of the week. In general, the results indicate that the presence of noise from vehicular traffic is a pollutant of the natural acoustics of the protected wildlife area under study. This situation reflects the deterioration of habitat quality and fragmentation from a soundscape perspective, whose effects may include physiological, reproductive, ethological and ecological changes in wild species.
Descripción
Licenciatura en Ingeniería en Gestión Ambienta
Palabras clave
CONTAMINACION POR RUIDO, NOISE POLLUTION, CARRETERAS, ROADS, ÁREAS SILVESTRES, WILDERNESS AREAS, ÁREAS DE PROTECCIÓN, PROTECTION AREAS, RUIDO, NOISE, COSTA RICA