Transformaciones del mercado laboral en Costa Rica: estudio histórico, institucional y empírico del riesgo de la flexibilización (2010-2024)
Fecha
2025
Autores
Carvajal Vega, Víctor Gabriel
Porras Biasetti, Derick
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Esta investigación analiza la evolución reciente del mercado laboral costarricense desde una perspectiva estructural e institucional, con énfasis en la calidad del empleo y sus transformaciones entre 2010 y 2023. A partir de un enfoque crítico, se examina el desacople progresivo entre crecimiento económico e inclusión laboral, evidenciando la expansión de modalidades de empleo precarias como mecanismo recurrente de ajuste frente a crisis económicas y shocks externos. El estudio combina un análisis histórico-institucional con herramientas econométricas para identificar puntos de quiebre estructural, particularmente en los años 2014 y 2020, que marcan cambios significativos en la dinámica del mercado laboral. Los resultados muestran un deterioro sostenido de la calidad del empleo, expresado en el aumento de la informalidad, el subempleo y la persistencia de brechas que afectan de manera diferenciada a jóvenes, mujeres y personas trabajadoras independientes. La investigación sostiene que estos procesos no responden únicamente a factores coyunturales, sino a límites estructurales del modelo productivo y de la institucionalidad laboral. En este sentido, la tesis aporta evidencia empírica y conceptual para repensar las políticas laborales desde una perspectiva que priorice la calidad del empleo, la protección social y la inclusión, cuestionando la normalización de la precariedad como resultado inevitable del desarrollo económico.
This research analyzes the recent evolution of the Costa Rican labor market from a structural and institutional perspective, with an emphasis on job quality and its transformations between 2010 and 2023. Using a critical approach, it examines the progressive decoupling between economic growth and labor inclusion, highlighting the expansion of precarious employment as a recurring adjustment mechanism in response to economic crises and external shocks. The study combines a historical-institutional analysis with econometric tools to identify structural turning points, particularly in 2014 and 2020, that mark significant changes in labor market dynamics. The results show a sustained deterioration in job quality, reflected in increased informality, underemployment, and persistent gaps that disproportionately affect young people, women, and the self-employed. The research argues that these processes are not solely due to cyclical factors, but rather to structural limitations of the production model and labor institutions. In this sense, the thesis provides empirical and conceptual evidence to rethink labor policies from a perspective that prioritizes the quality of employment, social protection and inclusion, questioning the normalization of precarity as an inevitable result of economic development.
This research analyzes the recent evolution of the Costa Rican labor market from a structural and institutional perspective, with an emphasis on job quality and its transformations between 2010 and 2023. Using a critical approach, it examines the progressive decoupling between economic growth and labor inclusion, highlighting the expansion of precarious employment as a recurring adjustment mechanism in response to economic crises and external shocks. The study combines a historical-institutional analysis with econometric tools to identify structural turning points, particularly in 2014 and 2020, that mark significant changes in labor market dynamics. The results show a sustained deterioration in job quality, reflected in increased informality, underemployment, and persistent gaps that disproportionately affect young people, women, and the self-employed. The research argues that these processes are not solely due to cyclical factors, but rather to structural limitations of the production model and labor institutions. In this sense, the thesis provides empirical and conceptual evidence to rethink labor policies from a perspective that prioritizes the quality of employment, social protection and inclusion, questioning the normalization of precarity as an inevitable result of economic development.
Descripción
Licenciatura en Economía
Palabras clave
MERCADO DE TRABAJO, CONDICIONES DE TRABAJO, JORNADA DE TRABAJO FLEXIBLE, COMPETITIVIDAD, EMPLEO, LABOR MARKET, WORKING CONDITIONS, FLEXIBLE WORKING HOURS, COMPETITIVENESS, EMPLOYMENT
