De la patria del criollo al "graffiti" de la sociedad transnacional, pasando por el Maximón y la carnavalización
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2012-11-09
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Corrales Arias, Adriano
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La conquista y la colonia en Guatemala culminan en la independencia de los
nacientes estados centroamericanos (previa fase federal con matices unionistas al estilo imperial / mexicano -Iturbide y otros) y con la hegemonía étnica y política de un nuevo actor social: el criollo, o mejor dicho, los criollos, quienes realizan la revolución liberal de 1871. Esta hegemonía proviene directamente de la dominación española, la cual redujo a la inmensa mayoría de indígenas a la bajura de esclavos, súbditos, en el mejor de los casos. Ese criollo va detentar el poder heredado de la colonia rehaciendo e imaginando un país que siempre va a tener el carácter primario de su origen incestuoso: la madre (pater) patria (“Matria”), retomando una relación con el indio de vasallaje, opresión, explotación y discriminación. Dicho en otras palabras: se va a configurar como la clase dominante en un país de mayoría indígena (22 o más etnias con su propia lengua e historia), construyendo la modernidad desde el apartheid, a pesar de las reformas liberales de la segunda mitad del s. XIX. Y va a dar origen a otro incesto étnico-cultural: el ladino (palabra peyorativa si nos atenemos al uso desmedido y seudocientífico que se hace en Guatemala: ¿hay sectores populares ladinos? ¿Hay sectores de élite indígenas?).
The conquest and the colony in Guatemala culminated in the independence of the nascent Central American states (previous federal phase with imperialist/Mexican-style unionist the conquest and colony in Guatemala culminated in the independence of the nascent Central American states (previous federal phase with unionist nuances in the imperial/Mexican style -Iturbide and others) and with the ethnic and political hegemony of a new social actor: the criollo, or rather, the criollos, who carried out the liberal revolution of 1871. This hegemony comes directly from the Spanish domination, which reduced the vast majority of indigenous people to the status of slaves, subjects, in the best of cases. This criollo will hold the power inherited from the colony, remaking and imagining a country that will always have the primary character of its incestuous origin: the mother (pater) patria (“Matria”), resuming a relationship with the Indian of vassalage, oppression, exploitation and discrimination. In other words: it will be configured as the dominant class in a country with an indigenous majority (22 or more ethnic groups with their own language and history), building modernity from apartheid, despite the liberal reforms of the second half of the 19th century. And it will give rise to another ethno-cultural incest: ladino (a pejorative word if we stick to the excessive and pseudo-scientific use made in Guatemala: are there ladino popular sectors? Are there indigenous elite
The conquest and the colony in Guatemala culminated in the independence of the nascent Central American states (previous federal phase with imperialist/Mexican-style unionist the conquest and colony in Guatemala culminated in the independence of the nascent Central American states (previous federal phase with unionist nuances in the imperial/Mexican style -Iturbide and others) and with the ethnic and political hegemony of a new social actor: the criollo, or rather, the criollos, who carried out the liberal revolution of 1871. This hegemony comes directly from the Spanish domination, which reduced the vast majority of indigenous people to the status of slaves, subjects, in the best of cases. This criollo will hold the power inherited from the colony, remaking and imagining a country that will always have the primary character of its incestuous origin: the mother (pater) patria (“Matria”), resuming a relationship with the Indian of vassalage, oppression, exploitation and discrimination. In other words: it will be configured as the dominant class in a country with an indigenous majority (22 or more ethnic groups with their own language and history), building modernity from apartheid, despite the liberal reforms of the second half of the 19th century. And it will give rise to another ethno-cultural incest: ladino (a pejorative word if we stick to the excessive and pseudo-scientific use made in Guatemala: are there ladino popular sectors? Are there indigenous elite
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LECTURA, GRAFFITI, INDÍGENAS, ESCLAVITUD, CONQUISTA, COLONIA, COLONIZACIÓN, COLECCIÓN BIBLIOTECA ELECTRÓNICA