Modelación de la actividad avícola de Costa Rica: Una propuesta metodológica para calcular el Valor Bruto de Producción en el marco del Sistema de Cuentas Nacionales 2008
Fecha
2024-05-28
Autores
Cordero Garro, Krisia Sofia
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Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
En el contexto de un entorno económico en constante cambio, es crucial adoptar nuevos enfoques para medir y modelar las estadísticas macroeconómicas. En las últimas décadas, organismos internacionales como el Fondo Monetario Internacional (FMI) y el Banco Mundial han subrayado la importancia de que cada país tenga un marco de contabilidad nacional sólido, y Costa Rica no es una excepción. El país ha realizado esfuerzos para mejorar la medición de sus actividades económicas, especialmente para calcular el Producto Interno Bruto (PIB).
Desde 2012, el Banco Central de Costa Rica ha actualizado las Cuentas Nacionales, incorporando 136 actividades económicas y 183 nuevos productos. Este cambio reveló que la cría de pollos es crucial en la industria pecuaria, superando la producción de carne de ganado vacuno y porcino. Además, la carne de ave es la proteína más consumida en el país, con un consumo per cápita de más de 30 kilogramos anuales en 2019.
Este contexto resalta la necesidad de modelar adecuadamente el Valor Bruto de Producción (VBP) de la avicultura en Costa Rica, especialmente el pollo en pie y el huevo de mesa. La investigación también aborda el desafío de calcular la producción asociada al crecimiento de las aves destinadas a la postura bajo el concepto de formación bruta de capital por cuenta propia, siguiendo las pautas del Sistema de Cuentas Nacionales 2008. Se calcula la producción de aves de postura desde su nacimiento hasta el cuarto mes de vida, considerando que después del quinto mes comienzan su ciclo biológico productivo. Este modelo contribuye a mejorar la medición de la producción agrícola en las cuentas nacionales del país, siendo parte de las mejoras implementadas para el año de referencia 2017.
In the context of a constantly changing economic environment, it is crucial to adopt new approaches to measuring and modeling macroeconomic statistics. In recent decades, international organizations such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank have stressed the importance of each country having a solid national accounting framework, and Costa Rica is no exception. The country has made efforts to improve the measurement of its economic activities, especially to calculate the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Since 2012, the Central Bank of Costa Rica has updated the National Accounts, incorporating 136 economic activities and 183 new products. This change revealed that chicken farming is crucial in the livestock industry, surpassing beef and pork production. Furthermore, poultry meat is the most consumed protein in the country, with a per capita consumption of more than 30 kilograms annually in 2019. This context highlights the need to adequately model the Gross Production Value (GVP) of poultry farming in Costa Delicious, especially the standing chicken and the table egg. The research also addresses the challenge of calculating the production associated with the growth of birds destined for laying under the concept of gross capital formation on their own, following the guidelines of the 2008 System of National Accounts. The production of laying birds is calculated from birth to the fourth month of life, considering that after the fifth month they begin their productive biological cycle. This model contributes to improving the measurement of agricultural production in the country's national accounts, being part of the improvements implemented for the reference year 2017.
In the context of a constantly changing economic environment, it is crucial to adopt new approaches to measuring and modeling macroeconomic statistics. In recent decades, international organizations such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank have stressed the importance of each country having a solid national accounting framework, and Costa Rica is no exception. The country has made efforts to improve the measurement of its economic activities, especially to calculate the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Since 2012, the Central Bank of Costa Rica has updated the National Accounts, incorporating 136 economic activities and 183 new products. This change revealed that chicken farming is crucial in the livestock industry, surpassing beef and pork production. Furthermore, poultry meat is the most consumed protein in the country, with a per capita consumption of more than 30 kilograms annually in 2019. This context highlights the need to adequately model the Gross Production Value (GVP) of poultry farming in Costa Delicious, especially the standing chicken and the table egg. The research also addresses the challenge of calculating the production associated with the growth of birds destined for laying under the concept of gross capital formation on their own, following the guidelines of the 2008 System of National Accounts. The production of laying birds is calculated from birth to the fourth month of life, considering that after the fifth month they begin their productive biological cycle. This model contributes to improving the measurement of agricultural production in the country's national accounts, being part of the improvements implemented for the reference year 2017.
Descripción
Palabras clave
PRODUCTO INTERNO BRUTO, MACROECONOMÍA, AVICULTURA, CUENTAS NACIONALES, ECONOMIA, ECONOMIA AGRARIA, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, MACROECONOMY, POULTRY FARMING, NATIONAL ACCOUNTS, ECONOMY, AGRARIAN ECONOMY