Impacto de las regulaciones establecidas en el Área Marina de Pesca Responsable Paquera-Tambor en la pesquería de Tambor, Pacífico costarricense
Fecha
2022
Autores
Lara-Quesada, Nixon Francisco
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)
Resumen
El manejo de los recursos marino-costeros en el Golfo de Nicoya ha sido propuesto desde la década de los noventa con el fin de unificar esfuerzos entre el gobierno y la comunidad para crear un plan de desarrollo conjunto que conserve y proteja el ambiente natural. Entre los esfuerzos realizados en nuestro país, se han implementado desde las Áreas de Uso Múltiple, zonas de protección y en los últimos casos las Áreas Marinas de Pesca Responsable. En este estudio se realizó un análisis sobre las ventajas del establecimiento del AMPR Paquera Tambor en el sector de Tambor, se estudió la percepción de los usuarios principales, se analizó las capturas de mayo del 2019 a abril del 2020. Cerca del 80% de los pescadores están de acuerdo en que las ventajas han sido mayores con el AMPR, aunque alrededor del
55% realizan sus capturas fuera de los límites de esta área; sin embargo, creen que si ha mejorado como zona de amortiguamiento. El AMPR cuenta con gran cantidad de especies de interés pesquero (31 en total), de las cuales las que presentan mayor volumen de capturas son el dorado (Coryphaena hippurus) (51%), el pargo mancha (Lutjanus guttatus) (19%) y la corvina agria (Micropogonias altipinnis) (7%); a su vez, se podría catalogar como una pesquería multiespecífica. El recurso dorado, es de suma importancia socio económica para los pescadores de la Asociación de Tambor; ya que para los meses de setiembre a diciembre la pesca se dirige a este recurso. El arte de pesca que utilizan en su mayoría (53%) en esta
AMPR es el palangre o línea con anzuelo circular # 12; lo que provoca que el 100% de las tallas de captura en la corvina agria y el 98% del dorado se encuentren por encima de su Talla de primera madurez sexual (TPMS). Se comparó las capturas registradas por el Incopesca en un periodo de cinco años antes y cinco después del establecimiento de esta AMPR; presentando diferencia significativa (t= 8.25, 22 d.f. p<0.05), los volúmenes registrados en el quinto año posterior al establecimiento del AMPR fueron mayores a los obtenidos cinco años antes del AMPR, demostrando la efectividad de este tipo de manejo pesquero en nuestro país.
The management of marine-coastal resources in the Gulf of Nicoya has been proposed since the 1990s in order to unify efforts between the government and the community to create a joint development plan that conserves and protects the natural environment. Among the efforts made in our country, Multiple Use Areas, protection zones and, in recent cases, Marine Areas for Responsible Fishing have been implemented. In this study, an analysis was carried out on the advantages of establishing the AMPR Paquera Tambor in the Tambor sector, the perception of the main users was studied, the catches from May 2019 to April 2020 were analyzed. About 80% of the Fishermen agree that the advantages have been greater with the AMPR, although around 55% make their catches outside the limits of this area; however, they believe that it has improved as a buffer zone. The AMPR has a large number of species of fishing interest (31 in total), of which the ones with the highest volume of catches are the dorado (Coryphaena hippurus) (51%), the spotted snapper (Lutjanus guttatus) (19%) and the sour croaker (Micropogonias altipinnis) (7%); in turn, it could be classified as a multi-species fishery. The golden resource is of great socio-economic importance for the fishermen of the Drum Association; since for the months of September to December the fishing is directed to this resource. The fishing gear used mostly (53%) in this AMPR is the longline or line with circle hook # 12; which causes that 100% of the capture sizes in the sour croaker and 98% of the dorado are above their Size at first sexual maturity (TPMS). The catches recorded by Incopesca in a period of five years before and five years after the establishment of this AMPR were compared; presenting a significant difference (t= 8.25, 22 d.f. p<0.05), the volumes registered in the fifth year after the establishment of the AMPR were higher than those obtained five years before the AMPR, demonstrating the effectiveness of this type of fishing management in our country.
The management of marine-coastal resources in the Gulf of Nicoya has been proposed since the 1990s in order to unify efforts between the government and the community to create a joint development plan that conserves and protects the natural environment. Among the efforts made in our country, Multiple Use Areas, protection zones and, in recent cases, Marine Areas for Responsible Fishing have been implemented. In this study, an analysis was carried out on the advantages of establishing the AMPR Paquera Tambor in the Tambor sector, the perception of the main users was studied, the catches from May 2019 to April 2020 were analyzed. About 80% of the Fishermen agree that the advantages have been greater with the AMPR, although around 55% make their catches outside the limits of this area; however, they believe that it has improved as a buffer zone. The AMPR has a large number of species of fishing interest (31 in total), of which the ones with the highest volume of catches are the dorado (Coryphaena hippurus) (51%), the spotted snapper (Lutjanus guttatus) (19%) and the sour croaker (Micropogonias altipinnis) (7%); in turn, it could be classified as a multi-species fishery. The golden resource is of great socio-economic importance for the fishermen of the Drum Association; since for the months of September to December the fishing is directed to this resource. The fishing gear used mostly (53%) in this AMPR is the longline or line with circle hook # 12; which causes that 100% of the capture sizes in the sour croaker and 98% of the dorado are above their Size at first sexual maturity (TPMS). The catches recorded by Incopesca in a period of five years before and five years after the establishment of this AMPR were compared; presenting a significant difference (t= 8.25, 22 d.f. p<0.05), the volumes registered in the fifth year after the establishment of the AMPR were higher than those obtained five years before the AMPR, demonstrating the effectiveness of this type of fishing management in our country.
Descripción
Lara Quesada, N. F. (2022). Impacto de las regulaciones establecidas en el Área Marina de Pesca Responsable Paquera-Tambor en la pesquería de Tambor, Pacífico costarricense. [Tesis de Licenciatura]. Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica.
Palabras clave
DESARROLLO PESQUERO, PESCA, RECURSOS MARINOS, PESCA ARTESANAL, PROTECCIÓN AMBIENTAL, CONSERVACIÓN DE LOS RECURSOS NATURALES, PUNTARENAS (COSTA RICA), GOLFO DE NICOYA (COSTA RICA), MARINE RESOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION