Análisis de los nudos críticos en la evolución de la gestión de riesgo de desastres: el caso de Costa Rica
Fecha
2026
Autores
Brenes Maykall, Alice
Segura-Román, Diana
Título de la revista
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Editor
Hadria
Resumen
A partir de experiencias previas en el campo de la Gestión de Riesgo de Desastres (GRD) de las autoras y el texto de Mansilla (2024), se planteó como objetivo analizar los nudos críticos en torno a la gobernanza, la gobernabilidad y la integración del enfoque de género que han condicionado el avance de la Gestión del Riesgo de Desastres en Costa Rica.
Esto se realizó a través del enfoque cualitativo con corte exploratorio, principalmente, con dos técnicas: revisión documental de literatura académica, técnica y normativa, así como entrevistas semiestructuradas con cinco informantes clave. Se consideraron tres postulados para el análisis: desplazamiento en la agenda prioritaria de la GRD hacia el cambio climático; agendas internacionales y cooperación externa como condicionantes del quehacer en GRD; y el desmantelamiento de la organización local y pérdida de apoyos institucionales. Estos argumentos se analizaron a través de cuatro categorías de análisis: gobernanza, gobernabilidad, enfoque de género e interseccionalidad. Con el recorrido realizado, se determina que la GRD, en Costa Rica, involucionó, ya que el aumento y la complejización en las condiciones de riesgo evidencian que el enfoque fisicalista que se creía superado sigue presente.
Además, las agendas globales y los organismos multilaterales son quienes deciden dónde poner los recursos, a su vez, la agenda de cambio climático llegó a desplazar la de GRD causando una disputa por los recursos. Además, las personas que toman las decisiones siguen sin priorizar la agenda de GRD y no se comprende del todo su relación con el desarrollo. Por otra parte, la integración del enfoque de género se limita a la participación de mujeres en diversos espacios de organización, mas no necesariamente están presentes en tomas de decisión y en la problematización de las causas subyacentes.
Based on the authors' previous experiences in the field of Disaster Risk Management (DRM) and the text by Mansilla (2024), the objective was to analyze the critical issues surrounding governance, governability and the integration of the gender approach that have conditioned the progress of Disaster Risk Management in Costa Rica. This was carried out using a qualitative approach with an exploratory focus, primarily employing two techniques: a review of academic, technical, and regulatory literature, as well as semi-structured interviews with five key informants. Three premises were considered for the analysis: a shift in the DRM priority agenda toward climate change; international agendas and external cooperation as determinants of DRM activities; and the dismantling of local organizations and loss of institutional support. These arguments were analyzed through four categories: governance, governability, the gender perspective, and intersectionality. Based on this analysis, it is determined that DRM in Costa Rica has regressed, as the increase and growing complexity of risk conditions demonstrate that the physicalist approach—which was believed to have been overcome—remains present. Furthermore, global agendas and multilateral organizations are the ones that decide where to allocate resources; in turn, the climate change agenda has come to supplant the GRD agenda, leading to a competition for resources. In addition, decision-makers continue to fail to prioritize the GRD agenda, and its relationship to development is not fully understood. On the other hand, the integration of a gender perspective is limited to women’s participation in various organizational spaces; however, they are not necessarily present in decision-making or in addressing the underlying causes.
Based on the authors' previous experiences in the field of Disaster Risk Management (DRM) and the text by Mansilla (2024), the objective was to analyze the critical issues surrounding governance, governability and the integration of the gender approach that have conditioned the progress of Disaster Risk Management in Costa Rica. This was carried out using a qualitative approach with an exploratory focus, primarily employing two techniques: a review of academic, technical, and regulatory literature, as well as semi-structured interviews with five key informants. Three premises were considered for the analysis: a shift in the DRM priority agenda toward climate change; international agendas and external cooperation as determinants of DRM activities; and the dismantling of local organizations and loss of institutional support. These arguments were analyzed through four categories: governance, governability, the gender perspective, and intersectionality. Based on this analysis, it is determined that DRM in Costa Rica has regressed, as the increase and growing complexity of risk conditions demonstrate that the physicalist approach—which was believed to have been overcome—remains present. Furthermore, global agendas and multilateral organizations are the ones that decide where to allocate resources; in turn, the climate change agenda has come to supplant the GRD agenda, leading to a competition for resources. In addition, decision-makers continue to fail to prioritize the GRD agenda, and its relationship to development is not fully understood. On the other hand, the integration of a gender perspective is limited to women’s participation in various organizational spaces; however, they are not necessarily present in decision-making or in addressing the underlying causes.
Descripción
Editoras: Alice Brenes Maykall, Diana Segura-Román y Milagro Castro Solano
Palabras clave
GOBERNABILIDAD, PARTICIPACIÓN DE LA MUJER, DESARROLLO, RIESGO, DESASTRES, COSTA RICA, GOVERNANCE, WOMEN'S PARTICIPATION, DEVELOPMENT, RISK, DISASTERS
