Vulnerabilidad hidrogeológica en la zona costera de Jacó, Pacífico Central, Costa Rica
Fecha
2019
Autores
Gómez-Cruz, Alicia
Madrigal-Solís, Helga
Núñez-Solís, Christian
Calderón, Hazel
Jiménez Gavilán, Pablo
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)
Resumen
En las últimas dos décadas, el Pacífico Central de Costa Rica experimentó un fuerte aumento en
el desarrollo urbanístico y turístico, lo que representa una mayor amenaza a la calidad del agua
subterránea. El objetivo de este estudio fue el generar una propuesta del Mapa de Vulnerabilidad
Hidrogeológica de los acuíferos de Jacó, utilizando la metodología GOD. Para esto, se elaboraron
perfiles geológicos y se realizó comprobación de campo. Se evidencia que el área de estudio está
conformada por a) un acuífero costero detrítico, poroso y libre, albergado en la planicie aluvial de
Jacó y, b) un acuífero fracturado en las rocas basálticas del Complejo de Nicoya, libre en la zona
montañosa y subyaciendo la formación detrítica en la zona central, donde el agua subterránea se
integra a la del acuífero detrítico, conformándose en un mismo acuífero. La zona del acuífero aluvial obtuvo una vulnerabilidad moderada, en tanto que el fracturado una vulnerabilidad baja. Se
propusieron recomendaciones de manejo.
In the last two decades, the Central Pacific coast of Costa Rica experienced a strong growth in urban and touristic development. If not regulated, this development can result in a pressure to groundwater resources and, therefore, a threat in terms of quality and quantity. In this study, a hydrogeological vulnerability map of Jacó aquifers was performed, by the GOD method. Geological profiles were elaborated, and field verification was performed. It is confirmed that, in the study area, two aquifers are found: a) a detritic, porous, unconfined coastal aquifer, settled in the Jacó alluvial plain and, b) an aquifer in the basaltic fractured rocks of the Nicoya Complex, unconfined in the mountainous zone and underlying the detritic formation in the central area, where the groundwater is integrated to that of the detrital aquifer. The zone of the alluvial aquifer resulted in a medium vulnerability index, whereas the mountainous areas in a low vulnerability. Management recommendations were proposed.
In the last two decades, the Central Pacific coast of Costa Rica experienced a strong growth in urban and touristic development. If not regulated, this development can result in a pressure to groundwater resources and, therefore, a threat in terms of quality and quantity. In this study, a hydrogeological vulnerability map of Jacó aquifers was performed, by the GOD method. Geological profiles were elaborated, and field verification was performed. It is confirmed that, in the study area, two aquifers are found: a) a detritic, porous, unconfined coastal aquifer, settled in the Jacó alluvial plain and, b) an aquifer in the basaltic fractured rocks of the Nicoya Complex, unconfined in the mountainous zone and underlying the detritic formation in the central area, where the groundwater is integrated to that of the detrital aquifer. The zone of the alluvial aquifer resulted in a medium vulnerability index, whereas the mountainous areas in a low vulnerability. Management recommendations were proposed.
Descripción
Palabras clave
AGUAS SUBTERRÁNEAS, AQUIFERS, COSTA RICA, REGION PACÍFICO CENTRAL (COSTA RICA)