Producción, calidad bromatológica y análisis económico de la leche de cabras suplementadas con Tithonia diversifolia Hemsl. A Gray
Fecha
2022
Autores
Rodríguez Segura, José Alexander
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Se evaluó el efecto de la suplementación con T. diversifolia como sustituto parcial del alimento balanceado sobre los indicadores productivos, económicos y de composición bromatológica de la leche de cabras. La investigación se realizó en las instalaciones del Programa de Producción Sostenible de Rumiantes Menores, ubicado en la finca Experimental Santa Lucía de la Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica. Se utilizaron 6 cabras adultas de la raza Saanen en un diseño de cuadrado latino 3x3, replicado en 2 cuadrados y balanceado para los efectos residuales. Los animales se alimentaron con una dieta base de Pennisetum purpureum, melaza, minerales y semolina de arroz. Se evaluaron tres tratamientos: T0 (P. purpureum +1,04 kg de materia seca (MS) de alimento balanceado (AB)); T25 (P. purpureum + 0,78 kg MS de AB + 0,25 kg MS de T. diversifolia), y T50 (P. purpureum +0.52 kg MS de AB + 0,45 kg MS de T. diversifolia). Se evaluó el consumo de materia seca (CMS), la producción de leche, la calidad bromatológica y los costos de la dieta. Se obtuvo un CMS de 1,58; 1,73 y 1,67 Kg en los tratamientos T0, T25 y T50, respectivamente. El T25 mostró la mejor respuesta productiva con 2,22 Kg Leche/día, y una síntesis porcentual de grasa de 4,34. El tratamiento T50 alcanzó los contenidos más altos en sólidos totales (ST), sólidos no grasos (SNG) y proteína, 12,39; 7,95 y 3,02 respectivamente; los costos necesarios para producir un Kg de leche variaron entre 22,3 y 24,2 centavos de dólar, donde T50 obtuvo un mejor desempeño económico.
The effect of supplementation with T. diversifolia as a partial substitute for balanced feed on productive, economic and bromatological composition indicators of goat milk was evaluated. The research was carried out at the facilities of the Sustainable Production of Small Ruminants Program, located at the Santa Lucía Experimental Farm of the National University of Costa Rica. Six adult goats of the Saanen breed were used in a 3x3 Latin square design, replicated in 2 squares and balanced for residual effects. The animals were fed a base diet of Pennisetum purpureum, molasses, minerals and rice semolina. Three treatments were evaluated: T0 (P. purpureum +1.04 kg dry matter (DM) of balanced feed (AB)); T25 (P. purpureum + 0.78 kg DM of AB + 0.25 kg DM of T. diversifolia), and T50 (P. purpureum +0.52 kg DM of AB + 0.45 kg DM of T. diversifolia). Dry matter intake (DM), milk production, bromatological quality and diet costs were evaluated. A CMS of 1.58, 1.73 and 1.67 kg was obtained in treatments T0, T25 and T50, respectively. The T25 showed the best productive response with 2.22 kg milk/day, and a fat synthesis percentage of 4.34. Treatment T50 reached the highest contents in total solids (TS), non-fat solids (NFS) and protein, 12.39, 7.95 and 3.02, respectively; the costs necessary to produce one kg of milk varied between 22.3 and 24.2 cents, where T50 obtained a better economic performance.
The effect of supplementation with T. diversifolia as a partial substitute for balanced feed on productive, economic and bromatological composition indicators of goat milk was evaluated. The research was carried out at the facilities of the Sustainable Production of Small Ruminants Program, located at the Santa Lucía Experimental Farm of the National University of Costa Rica. Six adult goats of the Saanen breed were used in a 3x3 Latin square design, replicated in 2 squares and balanced for residual effects. The animals were fed a base diet of Pennisetum purpureum, molasses, minerals and rice semolina. Three treatments were evaluated: T0 (P. purpureum +1.04 kg dry matter (DM) of balanced feed (AB)); T25 (P. purpureum + 0.78 kg DM of AB + 0.25 kg DM of T. diversifolia), and T50 (P. purpureum +0.52 kg DM of AB + 0.45 kg DM of T. diversifolia). Dry matter intake (DM), milk production, bromatological quality and diet costs were evaluated. A CMS of 1.58, 1.73 and 1.67 kg was obtained in treatments T0, T25 and T50, respectively. The T25 showed the best productive response with 2.22 kg milk/day, and a fat synthesis percentage of 4.34. Treatment T50 reached the highest contents in total solids (TS), non-fat solids (NFS) and protein, 12.39, 7.95 and 3.02, respectively; the costs necessary to produce one kg of milk varied between 22.3 and 24.2 cents, where T50 obtained a better economic performance.
Descripción
Licenciatura en Ingeniería en Agronomía con modalidad: artículo científico
Palabras clave
SUPLEMENTOS ALIMENTARIOS PARA ANIMALES, ANIMAL FEED SUPPLEMENTS, RUMIANTES, RUMINANTS, ESPECIES MENORES, SMALL SPECIES, PENNISETUM PURPUREUM, MELAZA, MOLASSES, MINERALES, MINERALS, ARROZ, RICE, PRODUCTOS DE ORIGEN ANIMAL, ANIMAL PRODUCTS, LECHE DE CABRA, GOAT MILK, PRODUCCIÓN LECHERA, MILK PRODUCTION, CALIDAD, QUALITY, LinkHEREDIA (COSTA RICA)