Elaboración de un plan de seguridad del agua para la ASADA de San Pedro de Barva
Fecha
2020-02
Autores
Obando Miranda, Jeimmy Emilia
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
La presente investigación tiene como objetivo realizar un Plan de Seguridad (PSA) para la ASADA de San Pedro de Barva, con el fin de contribuir obtener el máximo galardón del programa Sello de Calidad Sanitaria: la Estrella Azul Marino.
El objetivo principal de este proyecto es elaborar un Plan de Seguridad del Agua para la ASADA de San Pedro de Barva, con el propósito de obtener el máximo galardón del programa Sello de Calidad Sanitaria, mediante las buenas prácticas de gestión del recurso hídrico.
La metodología utilizada se estableció por medio de las Guías de Calidad de Agua Potable de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Se empleó una adaptación de la herramienta del Sistema Estandarizado de Regulación de la Salud (SERSA) como matriz de riesgos para determinar los Puntos Críticos de Control, en conjunto con otras herramientas como la aplicación de una encuesta de percepción del recurso hídrico y los Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG).
Se efectuó un diagnóstico socio ambiental de la ASADA, en la cual se investigaron los componentes biofísicos y se llevó a cabo visitas de campo para conocer la condición de la infraestructura y de esta forma determinar los riesgos y los Puntos Críticos de Control. Se aplicó una encuesta de percepción social a los abonados. En ella se determinó una población muy satisfecha con la gestión actual.
El nivel de riesgo es de bajo a intermedio en las diferentes unidades. Sin embargo, el riesgo mayor se presentó en las líneas de conducción, por ser donde aparecen más fugas, material expuesto, tubería la cual necesita cambiarse y posible riesgo de contaminación. Una vez identificados todos los peligros capaces de afectar el suministro de agua, se procedió a priorizarlos para su atención. Este proceso se efectuó de acuerdo con la valoración del riesgo represente por esos peligros.
Por último, se planteó la propuesta de PSA. Se incluyó cada etapa del sistema de abastecimiento de agua potable en estrategias para mejorar el estado actual y las recomendaciones respectivas.
Con el desarrollo de esta propuesta se espera que la ASADA contribuya con la sostenibilidad del sistema de agua potable y saneamiento, reduzca en gran medida de la contaminación en la fuente, genere un cambio en el comportamiento de los abonados por medio de la educación y sensibilización ambiental en la comunidad y su influencia en las diferentes plataformas de comunicación.
The objective of this research is to develop a Water Safety Plan (WSP) for the ASADA of San Pedro de Barva, in order to contribute to obtain the highest award of the Sanitary Quality Seal program: the Marine Blue Star. The main objective of this project is to elaborate a Water Safety Plan for the ASADA of San Pedro de Barva, with the purpose of obtaining the highest award of the Sanitary Quality Seal program, through good water resource management practices. The methodology used was established by means of the World Health Organization's Drinking Water Quality Guidelines. An adaptation of the Standardized System of Health Regulation (SERSA) tool was used as a risk matrix to determine the Critical Control Points, together with other tools such as the application of a water resource perception survey and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). A socio-environmental diagnosis of the ASADA was carried out, in which the biophysical components were investigated and field visits were made to ascertain the condition of the infrastructure and thus determine the risks and Critical Control Points. A social perception survey was applied to subscribers. The survey showed that the population is very satisfied with the current management. The level of risk is low to intermediate in the different units. However, the greatest risk was presented in the conduction lines, as this is where there are more leaks, exposed material, pipes that need to be replaced and possible risk of contamination. Once all the hazards capable of affecting the water supply had been identified, they were prioritized for attention. This process was carried out according to the assessment of the risk represented by these hazards. Finally, the WSP proposal was presented. Each stage of the drinking water supply system was included in strategies to improve the current state and the respective recommendations. With the development of this proposal, it is expected that ASADA will contribute to the sustainability of the drinking water and sanitation system, greatly reduce contamination at the source, generate a change in the behavior of subscribers through education and environmental awareness in the community and its influence on the different communication platforms.
The objective of this research is to develop a Water Safety Plan (WSP) for the ASADA of San Pedro de Barva, in order to contribute to obtain the highest award of the Sanitary Quality Seal program: the Marine Blue Star. The main objective of this project is to elaborate a Water Safety Plan for the ASADA of San Pedro de Barva, with the purpose of obtaining the highest award of the Sanitary Quality Seal program, through good water resource management practices. The methodology used was established by means of the World Health Organization's Drinking Water Quality Guidelines. An adaptation of the Standardized System of Health Regulation (SERSA) tool was used as a risk matrix to determine the Critical Control Points, together with other tools such as the application of a water resource perception survey and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). A socio-environmental diagnosis of the ASADA was carried out, in which the biophysical components were investigated and field visits were made to ascertain the condition of the infrastructure and thus determine the risks and Critical Control Points. A social perception survey was applied to subscribers. The survey showed that the population is very satisfied with the current management. The level of risk is low to intermediate in the different units. However, the greatest risk was presented in the conduction lines, as this is where there are more leaks, exposed material, pipes that need to be replaced and possible risk of contamination. Once all the hazards capable of affecting the water supply had been identified, they were prioritized for attention. This process was carried out according to the assessment of the risk represented by these hazards. Finally, the WSP proposal was presented. Each stage of the drinking water supply system was included in strategies to improve the current state and the respective recommendations. With the development of this proposal, it is expected that ASADA will contribute to the sustainability of the drinking water and sanitation system, greatly reduce contamination at the source, generate a change in the behavior of subscribers through education and environmental awareness in the community and its influence on the different communication platforms.
Descripción
Licenciatura en Gestión Ambiental
con énfasis en tecnologías limpias con modalidad : proyecto
Palabras clave
PARTICIPACIÓN COMUNITARIA, COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION, PROTECCIÓN AMBIENTAL, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, CONSERVACIÓN DE AGUAS, WATER CONSERVATION, CALIDAD DEL AGUA, WATER QUALITY, AGUA POTABLE, DRINKING WATER, SEGURIDAD, SECURITY, ABASTECIMIENTO DE AGUA, WATER SUPPLY, ACUEDUCTOS, AQUEDUCTS, RECURSOS HÍDRICOS, WATER RESOURCES