Mercados imperfectos en la cadena del café en Costa Rica: la importancia de los factores precio y no precio.
Fecha
2009-08
Autores
Hidalgo Mora, Randall
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
El café a lo largo de la historia ha sido un soporte material de la acumulación interna de capital, estrechamente vinculado con los orígenes de la industria nacional y con el despliegue del mercado interno, es decir, ha sido fuente de financiamiento para el resto de la economía del país y permitió vincular la economía nacional con la internacional.
El café ha contribuido al desarrollo socioeconómico de las regiones productoras, así como del transporte, comercio, industria y empleo. Es el producto agrícola que genera empleo y por muchos años el producto agrícola más importante en la economía de Costa Rica.
Las diferentes relaciones estratégicas entre los grupos que componen los eslabones nacionales de la cadena del café pueden generar políticas que beneficien a los productores y beneficiadores. Es por esto, que es importante estudiar estos eslabones con el propósito de determinar aquellos factores que inciden en el comercio del grano y generar propuestas en conjunto que permitan una mayor participación y por ende un mayor posicionamiento en la cadena.
En el marco de las Cadenas Globales de Mercancías nos enfocamos en el análisis de los factores precio y no precio que toman en cuenta las empresas (recibidores de café) para captar más producto.
En el trabajo se desarrolla un análisis para determinar la importancia del factor precio, mediante la implementación de modelos de datos de panel, así como una análisis de la importancia de las variables no precio que los productores a través de talleres y una metodología cualitativa toman en cuenta para la entrega del café en los recibidores en la Zona de los Santos, Costa Rica.
Los principales resultados muestran que el efecto precio es el factor más importante pero otros factores provenientes del entorno institucional hacen que los productores agrícolas los tomen en cuenta a la hora de entregar el fruto en un determinado beneficio.
Las alianzas estratégicas tanto horizontales como verticales en el eslabón del productor y el beneficiado pueden generar una serie de propuestas para que los dos agentes involucrados puedan obtener mejores beneficios.
Throughout history, coffee has been a support material for the internal accumulation of capital, which is closely linked with the origins of the national industry and the spread out of the internal market; in other words, it has been a financing source for the country ́s economy and it permitted to merge the national economy with the international one. The coffee has contributed to the socioeconomic development of the producers, so like of the transport, trade, industry, and employment. This is an agricultural product that generates employment and for many years has been the most important agricultural product in the Costa Rica ́s economy. The strategic relationships between different groups that make up the national links of the coffee ́s chain can create policies that benefit to the producers and beneficiaries .Therefore, it is important to examine these links with the purpose of determine those factors that affect the grain trade and create proposals together allowing a greater participation and hence a higher position in the chain. As part of the Global Commodity Chains, we focus on the analysis of price and non-price factors that takes into account companies (milling plants) to capture more of the product. This thesis develops an analysis to determine the importance of the price factor, by implementing panel-data models; so like an analysis of the importance of non-price variables that producers, through workshops and a qualitative methodology, take into account for the delivery of coffee in the receivers in the Zona de los Santos, Costa Rica. The main results show that price effect is the most important factor, but other factors coming from the institutional environment are take into account by farmers when deliver their production. The strategic alliances in both horizontal and vertical links of the producer and the beneficiary can generate a series of proposals for the two agents involved to obtain better benefits.
Throughout history, coffee has been a support material for the internal accumulation of capital, which is closely linked with the origins of the national industry and the spread out of the internal market; in other words, it has been a financing source for the country ́s economy and it permitted to merge the national economy with the international one. The coffee has contributed to the socioeconomic development of the producers, so like of the transport, trade, industry, and employment. This is an agricultural product that generates employment and for many years has been the most important agricultural product in the Costa Rica ́s economy. The strategic relationships between different groups that make up the national links of the coffee ́s chain can create policies that benefit to the producers and beneficiaries .Therefore, it is important to examine these links with the purpose of determine those factors that affect the grain trade and create proposals together allowing a greater participation and hence a higher position in the chain. As part of the Global Commodity Chains, we focus on the analysis of price and non-price factors that takes into account companies (milling plants) to capture more of the product. This thesis develops an analysis to determine the importance of the price factor, by implementing panel-data models; so like an analysis of the importance of non-price variables that producers, through workshops and a qualitative methodology, take into account for the delivery of coffee in the receivers in the Zona de los Santos, Costa Rica. The main results show that price effect is the most important factor, but other factors coming from the institutional environment are take into account by farmers when deliver their production. The strategic alliances in both horizontal and vertical links of the producer and the beneficiary can generate a series of proposals for the two agents involved to obtain better benefits.
Descripción
Palabras clave
CAFÉ, DESARROLLO SOCIOECONÓMICO, PRECIOS, MERCADOS, ECONOMÍA