Dinámica pesquera de la langostilla roja (Pleuroncodes Planipes Stimpson, 1860), Costa Rica
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Fecha
2018
Autores
Mejía Arana, Fernando
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Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)
Resumen
Para un aprovechamiento sostenible adecuado se describe temporal y espacialmente al stock de Pleunncodes planipes, dadas evaluaciones pesqueras en la región que indican su alta importancia comercial. Este estudio demuestra la potencialidad pesquera para la flota arrastrera de profundidad en el Pacífico de Costa Rica.
Se analizó la población mediante determinación de sexos, estructura de tallas y edades, parámetros talla-peso y crecimiento, mortalidad por pesca, natural y total, época reproductiva, abundancia y distribución en caladeros, profundidades y mensuales, biomasa explotable, CPUE, CPUA, MRS biológico y económico, y punto de equilibrio. Se hizo un estudio comparativo con otras investigaciones, los resultados indican que esta especie tiene una proporción mayor de machos adultos (42%), con estructura de tallas para machos de 26,58 mm de LC y para hembras de 23,28 mm LC, y una relación talla-peso total de PT=0,000003*LC 3,5592. Los reclutas representaron un 23,4%, las hembras ovígeras un 30,98% y la máxima incidencia de hembras ovígeras fue en Enero (30%). El 1-50% de primera madurez fue de 16 mm (R2=O,99); el 1-50% de primera captura fue para machos de 20,40 mm y para hembras de 20,23 mm. Los parámetros de crecimiento establecieron un K de 0,28 para machos y 0,30 para hembras, edades del stock entre 2 a más de 5 años (grupo 5+). La mortalidad Z fue de 0,92 para machos y de 0,62 para hembras; la mortalidad M fue de 1,22 para machos y de 0,62 para hembras.
Se identificaron 34 caladeros con promedios en capturas de 719,32 Kg por lance, 14,27 lances por caladero e índice de abundancia relativo (CPUE) de 0,21 kgh-l. Los valores totales medios fueron a 109,35 m de profundidad, con capturas de 717,85 kg y abundancia de 0,46 kg ma. Las capturas por viaje variaron espacial y latitudinalmente con máximas capturas en agosto-12 (10,94%), en Afuera Carate (11,43%) y en 110 m (15,0%). La FAL representó de 10-20% compuesta principalmente por Cynoscion nannus y Meduccius angustimanus. La MRS fue de 173.714,68 kg. El punto de equilibrio entre 2011-2012 fue de 114.530 kg y un ingreso de Œ31.228.463; Y entre 2012 - 2013 fue de 236.544,77 kilogramos y un ingreso de C64.498.662.
Los resultados divergieron producto de ser ésta una investigación de una pesquería comercial y no de una pesca científica, y porque la pesquería se ejecuta a una profundidad donde la densidad poblacional es muy escaza. Esta investigación contribuye con una línea base para el análisis biológico-pesquero de la pesquería comercial de la langostilla roja en el Pacífico de Costa Rica. La información que se deriva es lo más reciente que se cuenta para la elaboración de un plan de manejo de pesca sostenible de la pesquería en un marco de gestión con perspectiva ecosistémica integral.
For an adequate sustainable use, the stock of Pleuroncodes planipes is temporally and spatially described, given fishery evaluations in the region that indicate its high commercial importance. This study demonstrates the fishing potential for the deep-sea trawler fleet in the Pacific of Costa Rica. The population was analyzed through sex determination, size and age structure, size-weight and growth parameters, fishing mortality, natural and total, breeding season, abundance and distribution in fishing grounds, depths and monthly, exploitable biomass, CPUE, CPI-JA, Biological and economic MRS, and point of balance. A comparative study was made with other investigations, the results indicate that this species has a higher proportion of adult males (42%), with size structure for males of 26.58 mm LC and for females of 23.28 mm LC, and a total weightto-weight ratio of PT= 0.000003*LC 35592 The recruits represented 23.4%, the ovigerous females 30.98% and the highest incidence of ovigerous females was in January (30%). The 1-50% of first maturity was 16 mm (R2= 0.99); 1-50% of first capture was for males of 20.40 mm and for females of 20.23 mm. Growth parameters established a K of 0.28 for males and 0.30 for females, stock ages between 2 to more than 5 years (group 5+). The Z mortality was 0.92 for males and 0.62 for females; the mortality M was 1.22 for males and 0.62 for females. A total of 34 fishing grounds were identified with average catches of 719.32 Kg per throw, 14.27 throws by fishing grounds and index of relative abundance (CPUE) of 0.21 kgh-l. The mean total values were 109.35 m, with catches of 717.85 kg and abundance of 0.46 kg ma . The catches per trip varied spatially and latitudinally with maximum catches in August-12 (10.94%), in Afuera Carate (11.43%) and in 110 m (15.0%). The FAL represented 10-20% composed mainly of Cynoscion nannus and Meduccius angustimanus. The MRS was 173,714.68 kg. The balance point between 2011-2012 was 114,530 kg and an income of C31 ,228,463; and between 2012 2013 was 236,544.77 kilograms and an income of Œ64,498,662. The results diverged as this is an investigation of a commercial fishery and not a scientific fishery, and because the fishery is carried out at a depth where the population density is very scarce. This research contributes with a baseline for the biological-fishery analysis of the commercial fishery of red crab in the Pacific of Costa Rica. The information that is derived is the most recent that is counted for the elaboration of a plan of management of sustainable fishing of the fishery in a management framework with integral ecosystemic perspective.
For an adequate sustainable use, the stock of Pleuroncodes planipes is temporally and spatially described, given fishery evaluations in the region that indicate its high commercial importance. This study demonstrates the fishing potential for the deep-sea trawler fleet in the Pacific of Costa Rica. The population was analyzed through sex determination, size and age structure, size-weight and growth parameters, fishing mortality, natural and total, breeding season, abundance and distribution in fishing grounds, depths and monthly, exploitable biomass, CPUE, CPI-JA, Biological and economic MRS, and point of balance. A comparative study was made with other investigations, the results indicate that this species has a higher proportion of adult males (42%), with size structure for males of 26.58 mm LC and for females of 23.28 mm LC, and a total weightto-weight ratio of PT= 0.000003*LC 35592 The recruits represented 23.4%, the ovigerous females 30.98% and the highest incidence of ovigerous females was in January (30%). The 1-50% of first maturity was 16 mm (R2= 0.99); 1-50% of first capture was for males of 20.40 mm and for females of 20.23 mm. Growth parameters established a K of 0.28 for males and 0.30 for females, stock ages between 2 to more than 5 years (group 5+). The Z mortality was 0.92 for males and 0.62 for females; the mortality M was 1.22 for males and 0.62 for females. A total of 34 fishing grounds were identified with average catches of 719.32 Kg per throw, 14.27 throws by fishing grounds and index of relative abundance (CPUE) of 0.21 kgh-l. The mean total values were 109.35 m, with catches of 717.85 kg and abundance of 0.46 kg ma . The catches per trip varied spatially and latitudinally with maximum catches in August-12 (10.94%), in Afuera Carate (11.43%) and in 110 m (15.0%). The FAL represented 10-20% composed mainly of Cynoscion nannus and Meduccius angustimanus. The MRS was 173,714.68 kg. The balance point between 2011-2012 was 114,530 kg and an income of C31 ,228,463; and between 2012 2013 was 236,544.77 kilograms and an income of Œ64,498,662. The results diverged as this is an investigation of a commercial fishery and not a scientific fishery, and because the fishery is carried out at a depth where the population density is very scarce. This research contributes with a baseline for the biological-fishery analysis of the commercial fishery of red crab in the Pacific of Costa Rica. The information that is derived is the most recent that is counted for the elaboration of a plan of management of sustainable fishing of the fishery in a management framework with integral ecosystemic perspective.
Descripción
Mejía Arana, F. (2018). Dinámica pesquera de la langostilla roja (Pleuroncodes Planipes Stimpson, 1860), Costa Rica. [Tesis de Maestría]. Universidad Nacional, Puntarenas, C.R.
Palabras clave
LANGOSTINOS, PRAWNS, CRUSTACEOS, ECOLOGIA MARINA, MARINE ECOLOGY, PESCA, RECURSOS MARINOS, SOSTENIBILIDAD, COSTA RICA