La sociedad de las naciones y la política centroamericana : 1919-1939
Fecha
1993
Autores
Segura, Jorge Rhenán
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
La escasa bibliografía sobre la historia de las relaciones internacionales de Costa Rica y del resto de Centro América siempre ha motivado nuestro interés. Son muchos los vacíos que quedan todavía por explorar e investigar, precisamente uno de esos es la falta total de investigaciones sobre la Sociedad de Naciones y su política hacia esta área del mundo, así como las acciones emprendidas por estos países en dicho Organismo.
Durante la elaboración del plan de investigación surgieron justificadas inquietudes en relación a la posible relevancia del tema-problema a investigar - inquietudes resueltas una vez comenzada la investigación. La actuación de los países centroamericanos en la Sociedad constituyó, a nuestro juicio, un acontecimiento lo suficientemente relevante como para estudiarlo como un caso de interés en el campo histórico-político sobre relaciones internacionales.
En Costa Rica, como en el resto de los países centroamericanos aparte de unos pocos artículos sobre la década del treinta, no existe ningún estudio sistemático sobre el tema.
Costa Rica formó parte de la Sociedad de Naciones por aproximadamente diez años; en todo ese período planteó cosas interesantes que justifican una investigación. Lo mismo podemos decir para los casos de Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras y Nicaragua que estuvieron algunos años más que Costa Rica y que llevaron a cabo importantes acciones de política exterior.
Costa Rica ingresó al Organismo en 1920, después de muchos esfuerzos para ser admitida. A raíz del golpe de estado dado por los hermanos Tinoco, el presidente Wilson de los Estados Unidos mantuvo una actitud muy crítica respecto al reconocimiento del nuevo gobierno. Al no reconocer Wilson las nuevas autoridades, la estrategia de reconocimiento se volvió enteramente hacia el Congreso de los Estados Unidos, en donde los republicanos enemigos de Wilson, habían logrado recientemente la mayoría. La política de reconocimiento se materializó a partir de junio de 1918 en una serie de mociones, hechas por diferentes senadores, para modificar la política wilsoniana respecto a Costa Rica; sin embargo, todas estas iniciativas resultaron ineficaces y se perdieron en el expediente. Durante los primeros meses de 1919 cl asunto Tinoco fue analizado por el Senado en el contexto de las negociaciones sobre la Conferencia de Paz en París que sentará las bases de la futura Sociedad de Naciones, el sueño dorado de Wilson.
The scarce bibliography on the history of the international relations of Costa Rica and the rest of Central America has always motivated our interest. There are many gaps that remain to be explored and investigated, precisely one of them is the total lack of research on the League of Nations and its policy towards this area of the world, as well as the actions undertaken by these countries in the League of Nations. During the elaboration of the research plan, justified concerns arose in relation to the possible relevance of the subject-problem to be investigated - concerns that were resolved once the research had begun. The actions of the Central American countries in the Society constituted, in our opinion, an event sufficiently relevant to be studied as a case of interest in the historical-political field of international relations. In Costa Rica, as in the rest of the Central American countries, apart from a few articles on the 1930s, there is no systematic study on the subject. Costa Rica was part of the League of Nations for approximately ten years; throughout that period, it raised interesting issues that justify an investigation. The same can be said for the cases of Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras and Nicaragua, which stayed a few years longer than Costa Rica and carried out important foreign policy actions. Costa Rica joined the Agency in 1920, after many efforts to be admitted. As a result of the coup d'état carried out by the Tinoco brothers, President Wilson of the United States maintained a very critical attitude towards the recognition of the new government. Since Wilson did not recognize the new authorities, the strategy of recognition turned entirely to the U.S. Congress, where the Republicans, enemies of Wilson, had recently achieved a majority. The policy of recognition materialized from June 1918 onwards in a series of motions, made by different senators, to modify the Wilsonian policy with respect to Costa Rica; however, all these initiatives proved ineffective and were lost in the file. During the first months of 1919 the Tinoco affair was analyzed by the Senate in the context of the negotiations on the Peace Conference in Paris that would lay the foundations of the future League of Nations, Wilson's golden dream.
The scarce bibliography on the history of the international relations of Costa Rica and the rest of Central America has always motivated our interest. There are many gaps that remain to be explored and investigated, precisely one of them is the total lack of research on the League of Nations and its policy towards this area of the world, as well as the actions undertaken by these countries in the League of Nations. During the elaboration of the research plan, justified concerns arose in relation to the possible relevance of the subject-problem to be investigated - concerns that were resolved once the research had begun. The actions of the Central American countries in the Society constituted, in our opinion, an event sufficiently relevant to be studied as a case of interest in the historical-political field of international relations. In Costa Rica, as in the rest of the Central American countries, apart from a few articles on the 1930s, there is no systematic study on the subject. Costa Rica was part of the League of Nations for approximately ten years; throughout that period, it raised interesting issues that justify an investigation. The same can be said for the cases of Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras and Nicaragua, which stayed a few years longer than Costa Rica and carried out important foreign policy actions. Costa Rica joined the Agency in 1920, after many efforts to be admitted. As a result of the coup d'état carried out by the Tinoco brothers, President Wilson of the United States maintained a very critical attitude towards the recognition of the new government. Since Wilson did not recognize the new authorities, the strategy of recognition turned entirely to the U.S. Congress, where the Republicans, enemies of Wilson, had recently achieved a majority. The policy of recognition materialized from June 1918 onwards in a series of motions, made by different senators, to modify the Wilsonian policy with respect to Costa Rica; however, all these initiatives proved ineffective and were lost in the file. During the first months of 1919 the Tinoco affair was analyzed by the Senate in the context of the negotiations on the Peace Conference in Paris that would lay the foundations of the future League of Nations, Wilson's golden dream.
Descripción
Palabras clave
AMÉRICA CENTRAL, AMÉRICA LATINA, ASOCIACIONES, RELACIONES EXTERIORES, ASSOCIATIONS, CENTRAL AMERICA, EXTERNAL RELATIONS, LATIN AMERICA