Análisis de resultados obtenidos de un procesamiento GNSS con modalidad PPP en línea para la estimación de un modelo cinemático de velocidades en la placa tectónica Caribe
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2018-09
Autores
Pérez Cárdenas, Pedro
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Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)
Resumen
En la actualidad, se precisa conocer con mayor precisión, las causas de diferentes fenómenos naturales. Para tal fin se ha recurrido a disciplinas como la geografía, la geodesia, la geofísica, la geología, entre otras. Para esto, los sistemas de posicionamiento global (GNSS) toman un lugar indispensable y con ello, la administración de sus datos es vital.
Existen metodologías eficientes, pero dependiendo del objeto en estudio, el manejo de datos GNSS debe incluir características especiales (técnicas y económicas) en vías a satisfacer las demandas del proyecto. Para este propósito, los softwares de procesamiento científico GNSS tales como Bernese o GAMIT/GLOBK son utilizados comúnmente. No obstante, el obstáculo monetario y la falta de conocimiento técnico, en ocasiones, convierten estos programas en soluciones un tanto inaccesibles (Ebner y Featherstone, 2008).
Una alternativa a estos softwares son los servicios de Posicionamiento de Punto Preciso (PPP, por sus siglas en inglés), los cuales se caracterizan por ser prácticos, gratuitos y de fácil acceso. Estos servicios han tomado auge en la última década, convirtiéndose en gran alternativa para los sistemas de posicionamiento global. De esta manera, los PPP abren bastas posibilidades para las geociencias, dentro de las cuales se encuentra la cuantificación de los movimientos de la corteza terrestre o la cinemática de placas tectónicas.
El presente proyecto concibió los servicios PPP como una posible alternativa de software GNSS ante el procesamiento científico y/o comercial, comparando los resultados obtenidos frente a entidades tales como SIRGAS y UNAVCO. Específicamente, se recurrió al PPP canadiense denominado GPS Analysis and Positioning Software, de la Universidad de New Brunswick (la cual facilitó las licencias del programa respectivo).
Con tal de poner a prueba los servicios PPP en el área de geociencias, se propuso analizar la cinemática de la placa Caribe. Para esto, se seleccionaron estaciones GNSS en la zona con tal de ser sometidas a un procesamiento GNSS (usando el software GAPS). Posteriormente, se procedió a programar tres rutinas en ambiente Matlab, las cuales analizaron el comportamiento estadístico de los resultados GAPS, el cálculo de las velocidades geocéntricas de cada estación y, además, los parámetros Euler para la creación del modelo cinemático resultante, denominado CaribePPC. Los resultados de cada rutina se validaron frente a las entidades mencionadas, concluyendo compatibilización efectiva frente a software científico y modelos cinemáticos existentes. Además, se reconoce que CaribePPC permite utilizar su vector de rotación Euler para calcular la velocidad rotacional de cualquier punto o estación GNSS deseada.
At present, it is necessary to know more precisely the causes of different natural phenomena. For this purpose, disciplines such as geography, geodesy, geophysics, geology, among others, have been used. For this, global positioning systems (GNSS) take an indispensable place and with it, the management of your data is vital. There are efficient methodologies, but depending on the object under study, the handling of GNSS data must include special characteristics (technical and economic) in order to satisfy the demands of the project. For this purpose, GNSS scientific processing software such as Bernese or GAMIT/GLOBK are commonly used. However, the monetary obstacle and the lack of technical knowledge sometimes make these programs somewhat inaccessible solutions (Ebner and Featherstone, 2008). An alternative to these softwares are the Precise Point Positioning (PPP) services, which are characterized by being practical, free and easily accessible. These services have boomed in the last decade, becoming a great alternative to global positioning systems. In this way, the PPPs open up vast possibilities for the geosciences, within which is the quantification of the movements of the earth's crust or the kinematics of tectonic plates. This project conceived PPP services as a possible GNSS software alternative to scientific and/or commercial processing, comparing the results obtained against entities such as SIRGAS and UNAVCO. Specifically, the Canadian PPP called GPS Analysis and Positioning Software, from the University of New Brunswick (which provided the respective program licenses) was used. In order to test the PPP services in the area of geosciences, it was proposed to analyze the kinematics of the Caribbean plate. For this, GNSS stations in the area were selected in order to be subjected to GNSS processing (using the GAPS software). Subsequently, three routines were programmed in the Matlab environment, which analyzed the statistical behavior of the GAPS results, the calculation of the geocentric velocities of each station and, in addition, the Euler parameters for the creation of the resulting kinematic model, called CaribePPC. The results of each routine were validated against the aforementioned entities, concluding effective compatibility against scientific software and existing kinematic models. In addition, it is recognized that CaribePPC allows its Euler rotation vector to be used to calculate the rotational velocity of any desired GNSS point or station.
At present, it is necessary to know more precisely the causes of different natural phenomena. For this purpose, disciplines such as geography, geodesy, geophysics, geology, among others, have been used. For this, global positioning systems (GNSS) take an indispensable place and with it, the management of your data is vital. There are efficient methodologies, but depending on the object under study, the handling of GNSS data must include special characteristics (technical and economic) in order to satisfy the demands of the project. For this purpose, GNSS scientific processing software such as Bernese or GAMIT/GLOBK are commonly used. However, the monetary obstacle and the lack of technical knowledge sometimes make these programs somewhat inaccessible solutions (Ebner and Featherstone, 2008). An alternative to these softwares are the Precise Point Positioning (PPP) services, which are characterized by being practical, free and easily accessible. These services have boomed in the last decade, becoming a great alternative to global positioning systems. In this way, the PPPs open up vast possibilities for the geosciences, within which is the quantification of the movements of the earth's crust or the kinematics of tectonic plates. This project conceived PPP services as a possible GNSS software alternative to scientific and/or commercial processing, comparing the results obtained against entities such as SIRGAS and UNAVCO. Specifically, the Canadian PPP called GPS Analysis and Positioning Software, from the University of New Brunswick (which provided the respective program licenses) was used. In order to test the PPP services in the area of geosciences, it was proposed to analyze the kinematics of the Caribbean plate. For this, GNSS stations in the area were selected in order to be subjected to GNSS processing (using the GAPS software). Subsequently, three routines were programmed in the Matlab environment, which analyzed the statistical behavior of the GAPS results, the calculation of the geocentric velocities of each station and, in addition, the Euler parameters for the creation of the resulting kinematic model, called CaribePPC. The results of each routine were validated against the aforementioned entities, concluding effective compatibility against scientific software and existing kinematic models. In addition, it is recognized that CaribePPC allows its Euler rotation vector to be used to calculate the rotational velocity of any desired GNSS point or station.
Descripción
Pérez Cárdenas, P. (2018). Análisis de resultados obtenidos de un procesamiento GNSS con modalidad PPP en línea para la estimación de un modelo cinemático de velocidades en la placa tectónica Caribe. [Tesis de Licenciatura]. Universidad Nacional, Heredia, C.R.
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